Resources, Articles, Tricks, and Solutions in connection to ModSecurity
Install Grafana on CentOS 8 - Step by step guide ?
This article covers how to install and configure the Grafana monitoring tool on CentOS 8 system via the command line. In fact, Grafana is a popular open-source visualization and analytics monitoring software which renders graphs, charts, and alerts when connected to supported data sources. Now, you can use the grafana monitoring dashboard on CentOS 8 system.
Install FreeIPA on CentOS 8 - Step by step guide ?
This article covers how to install the FreeIPA on CentOS 8 system. In fact, FreeIPA is a free and open source identity management tool for managing centralized authentication along with account management, policy (host-based access control) and audit.
How to Open Required FreeIPA ports on Firewall ?
FreeIPA uses a number of ports to communicate with its services which must be opened on firewall to allow external connections. You can simply open all the required ports using the service names by running the command below:
$ firewall-cmd --add-service={freeipa-ldap,freeipa-ldaps,dns,ntp} --permanent
$ firewall-cmd --reload
Migrate from CentOS 7.x versions to RHEL 8.x using Elevate Project
This article covers the complete process of migrating from CentOS 7.x to AlmaLinux using the Elevate upgrade packages. In fact, You can upgrade to other RHEL 8.x distros using different leapp migration data packages.
Install OrangeScrum on CentOS 8 - Step by step guide ?
This article covers How to Install OrangeScrum on CentOS 8. In fact, Orangescrum is an open-source and collaboration web application for managing projects, teams, documents, tasks, and communicate with the team on important issues.
Install Rar / Unrar on Centos 8 - Step by step guide ?
This article covers how to install Rar/Unrar on CentOS 8 system. In fact, RAR files are archived by Winrar compression software and can be split into large files.
Install and Configure Nessus Vulnerability Scanner on CentOS 8
This article covers how to install and configure Nessus vulnerability scanner on the CentOS system. Now you can start running scans on your systems to find any vulnerability that can be exploited by attackers.
How to start Nessus on CentOS 8 ?
Now run the following commands to start the Nessus service, enable that server at startup and check Nessus service status by running the following command:
$ sudo systemctl start nessusd.service
$ sudo systemctl enable nessusd.service
$ sudo systemctl status nessusd.serviceAt this time Nessus service running on default port 8834 successfully, Before you start post-installation, you need to open up that port in your firewall. To do so run the following command:
$ firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8834/tcp --permanent
$ firewall-cmd --reloadNow go to your browser and enter your server name or IP along with the default port of Nessus:
https://server_name_or_ip:8834/
Install ClamAV on CentOS 8 - Step by step guide ?
This article covers the process of installing ClamAV antivirus on CentOS 8 system. In fact, ClamAV is an open source (GPL) antivirus engine designed for detecting Trojans, viruses, malware and other malicious threats on Linux.
Install Apache Ant on CentOS 8 - Step by step guide ?
This article covers the process of installing Apache Ant on your CentOS 8 system. In fact, Apache Ant is a Java library and command-line tool that help building software. Ant supplies a number of built-in tasks that allows to compile, assemble, and run Java applications. Its build files are written in XML so it is open standard, portable and easy to understand.
Install Nethogs on CentOS 8 - Step by step guide ?
This article covers how to install and use Nethogs on the CentOS system. In fact, Nethogs lets you view the bandwidth usage by your programs in order to help you figure out which processes are hogging your network bandwidth.
Install Foxit Reader on CentOS 8 - Step by step guide ?
This article covers how you can install Foxit PDF Reader on the CentOS system. Now you can start using Foxit PDF Reader to read, print, share, and sign PDF files.
Install HAProxy on CentOS 8 - Step by step guide ?
This article covers the process of installing HAProxy on your CentOS 8 systems. In fact, HAProxy is an open-source software widely used as a high availability load balancer and proxying TCP and HTTP connections.
Install Steam on CentOS 8 - Step by step guide ?
This article covers the process of installing Steam on your CentOS 8 system. In fact, Steam is a very popular and widely used online gaming library among the gaming community. It provides thousands of games to play and lets you communicate with online players. It is available on many platforms and can be used in Linux as well.
How to Install Steam Using the Flatpak ?
1. Make sure that the epel repository is enabled on your CentOS 8:
$ sudo dnf install epel-release2. And also, verify that system's repository is up to date by typing the command given below:
$ sudo dnf update3. Make sure that Flatpak is installed on your CentOS 8 machine. It comes pre-installed on CentOS 8 and you can verify its installation by typing the below command:
$ flatpak --version4. If Flatpak is not installed on your CentOS 8 system due to any reason, install it using the command below:
$ sudo dnf install flatpak5. After installing Flatpak, type the command given below to add the flathub repository to your CentOS 8 system as well:
$ flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo6. You can install Steam on your CentOS 8 system by typing the command given below:
$ flatpak install flathub com.valvesoftware.Steam -yThe "-y" flag will automatically say yes whenever a prompt will occur to confirm the installation.
Install Discord on CentOS 8 - A step by step guide ?
This article covers the process of installing Discord on CentOS 8 systems. In fact, Discord is a free Voice over IP (VoIP) program that allows users to communicate via voice chat and share text, images, and videos in a user-friendly environment.
Install Chromium on CentOS 8 - A step by step guide ?
This article covers the process of installing the Chromium web browser in CentOS 8 system. In fact, The Chromium project covers two utilities such as Chromium and Chromium OS, which are the open source projects of the Google Chrome browser and Google Chrome OS. Chromium has been developed as an open-source browser project whose critical mission is to offer a more secure, faster and more stable way to navigate the web where threats are constant at every minute.
Install Vivaldi Browser on CentOS 8 - A step by step guide ?
This article covers the process of installing Vivaldi Web Browser on CentOS 8 systems. In fact, Vivaldi web browser is created for speed, privacy and secure browsing experience by blocking ads and trackers.
Install Transmission on CentOS 8 - A step by step guide ?
This article covers the complete process of installing Transmission BitTorrent Client on CentOS 8 system. In fact, Transmission is a good lightweight bittorrent Downloader for Downloading Torrents Files.
Install Mattermost on CentOS 8 - A step by step guide ?
This article covers the process of installing Mattermost on CentOS 8 system. In fact, Mattermost is an open source, self-hosted team chat and collaboration software.
Set Up DHCP Server on CentOS 8 - How to do it ?
This article covers the process of installing DHCP Server on CentOS 7 system. In fact, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a communication protocol that computers use to automatically assign IP addresses to devices connected to a local network or over the internet.
Install Microsoft SQL Server on CentOS 8 - A step by step guide ?
This article covers the process of installing Microsoft SQL Server (MS SQL) on your CentOS 8 system. In fact, SQL Server is Microsoft's proprietary relational database management software. It supports various operating systems and installation methods, including Linux distributions like Ubuntu, Red Hat, and CentOS.
For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check the official Microsoft SQL Server website.
Install Vtiger CRM on CentOS 8 - A step by step guide ?
This article covers how to install and configure Vtiger CRM on a CentOS 8 system. In fact, vTiger CRM is a web-based, modular and complete Open Source full-fledged customer relationship management system for sales force automation, customer support & service, marketing automation, procurement & fulfillment effectively. It is basically a native thin-client, browser-based application built on the LAMP/WAMP (Linux/Windows, Apache, MySQL and PHP) stack.
Install PHP Composer on CentOS 8 - Step by step Process ?
This article covers the installation procedure of PHP composer on your CentOS 8 system. In fact, Composer is a dependency manager for PHP, it like npm for Node.js or pip to Python. So, it allows you to declare the libraries your project depends on and it will manage (installing/updating) them for you. It is used in all modern PHP frameworks and platforms such as Laravel, Symfony, Drupal, and Magento 2.
Install PHP 7.4 on CentOS 8
This article covers how to install PHP on CentOS 8. You will also see how to change the default PHP version to the latest available version. After installing the PHP on your system, you can configure it with an Apache webserver or Nginx.
PHP (PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a server-side scripting language designed for web development but also used as a general-purpose programming language. PHP code is interpreted by a web server with a PHP processor module, which generates the resulting web page: PHP commands can be embedded directly into an HTML source document rather than calling an external file to process data.
Install Jenkins on CentOS 8
This article covers how to install Jenkins on CentOS system. In fact, Jenkins is an open-source software written in Java and Scala which allows users the ability to automate almost any task and, it saves significant time that can be better utilized addressing other issues. When automating tasks with Jenkins, users can optimize their workflow by quickly automating the jobs that servers cannot do themselves.
Also, you will learn how to manage Jenkins services, allow them in firewall, and access Jenkins using the web browser.
Install Anaconda on CentOS 8
This article covers how you install Anaconda on your CentOS system. In fact, Anaconda manages many pre installed packages and that packages are helpful for data science, Machine Learning and Artificial intelligence applications. Once installed on your system, you can now start building your machine learning projects.
Install Gparted on CentOS 8 - A Step by Step guide ?
This article covers the best way to Install Gparted 'Gnome partition' editor on CentOS 8 system. In fact, Gparted (also known as GNOME partition editor) is a free partitioning tool that uses GNU parted in the backend. Gparted is used to create, delete, or resize a partition without data loss.
How to Create a new partition on CentOS 8 system ?
- To create a new partition you need to have some free space on your disk.
- Do this by right-clicking on it now click on New option this will open a new window fill the required information, and then click on Add.
- Finally, click on the right tick (✔) given on the top to apply all the operations.
Install and Configure Redis on CentOS 8 - Step by Step Procedure ?
This article covers the complete Installation guide of Redis on the CentOS 8 system. Redis is an open-source in-memory data structure store. In fact, You can use it as a Memcached alternative to store simple key-value pairs, as a NoSQL database, or even a message broker with the Pub-Sub pattern.
Also, Redis supports data structures such as strings, hashes, lists, sets, sorted sets with range queries, bitmaps, HyperLogLogs and geospatial indexes with radius queries. Redis has built-in replication, Lua scripting, LRU eviction, transactions and different levels of on-disk persistence, and provides high availability via Redis Sentinel and automatic partitioning with Redis Cluster.
Start, Stop or Restart Services in CentOS 8 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how to start, stop and restart the httpd service on CentOS 8 system with the help of the systemctl command. Using this utility, you can easily control any systemd and server-wide service on your system.
Linux provides fine-grained control over system services through systemd, using the systemctl command. Services can be turned on, turned off, restarted, reloaded, or even enabled or disabled at boot. If you are running Debian 7, CentOS 7, or Ubuntu 15.04 (or later), your system likely uses systemd.
Enable SSH on CentOS 8 - Best Method ?
This article covers how to enable SSH on a CentOS machine and connect to it using a client machine. If you want to make your remote access secure, Read our post on the Best Ways to Secure Your SSH Server.
SSH provides the ability to transfer files between remote systems. When a user logs into a remote system using SSH, they receive a command prompt allowing them to enter commands on the remote system as if they were sitting at the remote system and had opened a terminal session.
How to Install OpenSSH Server Software Package ?
Enter the following command from your terminal to start the installation process:
$ sudo yum –y install openssh-server openssh-clientsThis command installs both the OpenSSH client applications, as well as the OpenSSH server daemon, sshd.
Install Elasticsearch on CentOS 8 - Best Method ?
This article covers the installation and basic configuration of Elasticsearch on the CentOS system. For how to use Elasticsearch, visit the Quick start guide available on its website. Elasticsearch is an open source search and analytics engine that allows you to store, search, and analyze big volumes of data in real time. Elasticsearch powers millions of Applications that rely on intensive search operations such as e-commerce platforms and big data applications.
Elasticsearch supports RESTful operations. This means that you can use HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, etc.) in combination with an HTTP URI (/collection/entry) to manipulate your data. The intuitive RESTful approach is both developer and user friendly, which is one of the reasons for Elasticsearch's popularity.
Install McAfee ENS on CentOS Linux – Standalone
This article covers steps to install and setup McAfee ENS Threat Prevention Standalone setup on a Linux system. McAfee is one of the best and most useful Antivirus product which is being used in the market.
Install Putty on CentOS 8 - Best Method ?
This article covers how to Install putty on CentOS 8. With putty, you can easily connect your Linux system to a remote system. Putty is a free and open source ssh & telnet client. Putty is available for Windows, Linux, Unix and macOS. Using putty, we can access the remote servers and switches over ssh protocol. It can also be used to take serial console of remote systems.
How to perform Putty Installation on CentOS / RHEL / Fedora ?
Putty package is available in the default CentOS and RHEL repositories. So, to install putty run:
$ sudo yum install putty -yOr
$ sudo dnfs install putty -y
Install Nmap on CentOS 8 - Best Method ?
This article covers methods to install Nmap on your CentOS machine. Nmap is a handy utility for network scanning and security auditing. Nmap contains variety of options for scanning remote hosts. Have a look at the 15 Mostly Used Nmap Commands for Scanning Remote Hosts.
How to Install Nmap on Debian / Ubuntu ?
1. Install Nmap on Ubuntu by entering the following command:
$ sudo apt-get install nmap2. The system prompts you to confirm the installation by typing y.
3. After the installation is finished, verify the installed version of Nmap by entering:
$ nmap –version
Install Go on CentOS 8 - Best Method ?
This article covers how to install Go on CentOS 8. Go language was designed to resolve the common criticisms of other languages while maintaining their positive characteristics and most widely used for writing servers these days.
Run the below command to see the version of the Go language:
$ go version
Install Anydesk on CentOS 8 - Best Method ?
This article covers how to install the AnyDesk application on CentOS 8 system using the command-line approach. Once you've installed AnyDesk on CentOS 8 / RHEL 8, you’ll be able to access your Linux system from Windows, Mac, and other Linux based systems. You'll enjoy its simple and user-friendly set up and administration tools which enables you to easily manage remote system.
Install NetBeans on CentOS 8 - Best Method ?
This article covers the installation of Apache NetBeans on the CentOS system. Here, you will learn the entire procedure for the installation of NetBeans that includes downloading, installation, and launching of NetBeans. At the end, you also learned to uninstall Apache NetBeans if you ever have to do that.
Apache NetBeans is a very powerful Integrated Development Environment (IDE) tool that enables you as a Developer create Desktop, Web and Mobile Applications from its modular framework. It supports Java, PHP, HTML, JavaScript, C, C++, Ajax, JSP, Ruby on Rails and other programming languages using extensions.
Install Wireshark on CentOS 8 - Best Method ?
This article covers how to install the Wireshark network analyzer tool on CentOS 8 system. Once Wireshark installed on your system, you can capture incoming and outgoing data packets over the network. Wireshark is free & Open source network packet analyzer that is used for network analysis, troubleshooting, etc. Wireshark is a cross-platform software that is available for various Linux/UNIX distributions, Mac-OS, Solaris, BSD & Windows, etc. It uses GTK to implement user interface & captures packets using PCAP. For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check the official Wireshark website.
To Install package called Whireshark using the dnf command. For a GUI Wireshark application execute:
# dnf install wiresharkTo install Wireshark command line tool only execute:
# dnf install wireshark-cliFeatures of Wireshark includes:
- Live packet capture & offline analysis.
- A number of display filters.
- Support for hundreds of protocol.
- Rich VOIP analysis.
- Read/write feature various file formats.
- Live data can be read from ethernet port, Bluetooth, USB, Token rings tec.
Install Nginx on CentOS 8 - Best Method ?
This article covers how to install the Nginx server on a CentOS machine and add a firewall rule to allow traffic coming towards the Nginx server. Also, we've discussed how to remove Nginx from CentOS.
The Nginx is a free, open source, lightweight and high-performance web server designed for high-traffic use cases. It is also acting as a popular Web server behind the Apache Web server and Microsoft's IIS. Nginx is more resource-friendly than Apache. It can be served in front of other web servers as a reverse proxy.
How to Install Nginx Web Server ?
1. Install the nginx package with:
$ sudo dnf install nginx2. After the installation is finished, run the following commands to enable and start the server:
$ sudo systemctl enable nginx
$ sudo systemctl start nginxThis will make Nginx start at system boot.
Install Java on CentOS 7 System - Best Method ?
This article covers how to install and manage multiple Java versions on CentOS 7 system. At the end you also learned how to set default Java version. Java is used for developing anything from lightweight mobile to desktop applications.
How to Install Java 8 on CentOS ?
1. Update the system before installing any new programs:
$ yum -y update2. Install Java 8:
$ yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk3. Verify Java is Installed
$ java -version
Check CentOS Version - Using Different methods ?
This article covers how to get CentOS version using different methods. There are several ways on how to check what version of CentOS is running on your system. The simplest way to check for the CentOS version number is to execute the cat /etc/centos-release command. Identifying the accurate CentOS version may be required to help you or your support team to troubleshoot your CentOS system.
Different commands to check CentOS version:
- $ rpm -q centos-release - CentOS version valid for CentOS 6 and higher. Causes to reveal major, minor and asynchronous CentOS version.
- $ lsb_release -d - Requires redhat-lsb package to be installed before execution.
- $ rpm -E %{rhel} - RPM macro to reveal a major CentOS version.
- $ rpm --eval %{centos_ver} - RPM macro to display a major version of CentOS.
- $ cat /etc/centos-release - Linux cat command to output content of the /etc/centos-release .to query CentOS version. Works with CentOS 6 and higher.
Install and Use Curl command on CentOS 8 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how to install the Curl command-line tool on CentOS 8 system. Through the curl command, users can download and upload files over the network. curl is a powerful command-line tool for transferring data from or to a remote server. With curl you can download or upload data using various network protocols, such as HTTP, HTTPS, SCP , SFTP , and FTP .
How to Install curl on CentOS ?
Curl package is available in the standard CentOS 8 repositories.
To install it run the following command:
$ sudo dnf install curlOnce the installation is complete, verify it by typing curl in your terminal:
$ curl
Install Vivaldi Browser on Linux Mint 20 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how to install Vivaldi browser and concluded with its uninstallation method from a Linux system. Vivaldi is a next generation open source web browser that runs on Windows, Linux, macOS and on mobile devices. It comes with unique features and is created to be fast and secure browser that blocks ads and trackers.
To Launch and Use Vivaldi Browser on Linux Mint 20:
Start the browser from terminal:
$ vivaldiHow to Install Vivaldi Web Browser on Linux Mint / Kali Linux ?
1. Start by importing the GPG key used for verification during installation.
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt -y install wget gnupg2 software-properties-common
$ wget -qO- https://repo.vivaldi.com/archive/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add -2. Then run the commands below to add the repository to your system.
echo 'deb https://repo.vivaldi.com/archive/deb/ stable main' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/vivaldi.list3. A final step is the installation of Vivaldi Web Browser on Linux Mint / Kali Linux.
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install vivaldi-stableHit the y key in your keyboard to start installation.
Install Microsoft Teams on CentOS 8 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how to install Microsoft Teams on CentOS machine using different methods. You can either install Microsoft Teams by downloading and installing its RPM package from the official website or you can install the snap package. Microsoft Teams is a communication platform used for Chat, Calling, Meetings, and Collaboration. Generally, it is used by companies and individuals working on projects. Microsoft Teams is available for macOS, Windows, and Linux operating systems available now.
How to Install Microsoft Teams Linux on CentOS 8 ?
By default, Microsoft Teams Linux package is not available in the CentOS 8 default repository. You will need to download the RPM package for it.
1. You can download it with the following command:
$ cd /tmp
$ wget https://packages.microsoft.com/yumrepos/ms-teams/teams-1.3.00.5153-1.x86_64.rpm2. Once the package is downloaded, install the downloaded package with the following command:
$ dnf install teams-1.3.00.5153-1.x86_64.rpmHow to Remove Microsoft Teams from CentOS ?
1. To remove Microsoft Teams Linux from the CentOS 8, run the following command:
$ dnf remove teams2. To remove Microsoft Teams Linux from the Ubuntu 18.04, run the following command:
$ dpkg -r teams
Install Arduino IDE on CentOS 8 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how to install Arduino IDE on CentOS machine either via the direct download method or the snap method. Also, you will learn how to uninstall Arduino. Arduino IDE stands for the "Arduino Integrated Development Environment". Arduino is used to create electronic devices that communicate with their environment using actuators and sensors. Arduino IDE contains an editor that is used for writing and uploading programs to the Arduino board. Before starting to create projects through Arduino, the user needs to set up an IDE for the programmable board.
How to Launch Arduino IDE on CentOS Linux System ?
Now, you will launch the Arduino IDE from the desktop. Click on 'Activities' and select show application form where you will launch Ardunio IDE to double click on the application icon.
You can also launch using the search bar, click on the 'Activities' where you can see a search bar. You will type 'Arduino' in the search bar.
Install LAMP Stack on CentOS 7 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how to install LAMP stack on CentOS 7. LAMP is a stack of applications that work together on a web server to host a website. With that being said, each individual program serves a different purpose.
In LAMP:
- Linux serves as the server's operating system that handles all the commands on the machine.
- Apache is a web server software that manages HTTP requests to deliver your website's content.
- MySQL is a relational database management system (RDBMS) whose function is to maintain user's data on a server.
- PHP is a scripting language for server-side communication.
To install Apache easily using CentOS's package manager, yum:
1. Run the command.
$ sudo yum install httpd2. Once it installs, you can start Apache on your server.
$ sudo systemctl start httpd.service3. You can do a spot check right away to verify that everything went as planned by visiting your server's public IP address in your web browser.
http://your_server_IP_address/Important PHP Modules:
- php-bcmath.x86_64 : A module for PHP applications for using the bcmath library.
- php-cli.x86_64 : Command-line interface for PHP.
- php-common.x86_64 : Common files for PHP.
- php-dba.x86_64 : A database abstraction layer module for PHP applications.
- php-devel.x86_64 : Files needed for building PHP extensions.
- php-embedded.x86_64 : PHP library for embedding in applications.
- php-enchant.x86_64 : Enchant spelling extension for PHP applications.
- php-fpm.x86_64 : PHP FastCGI Process Manager.
- php-gd.x86_64 : A module for PHP applications for using the gd graphics library.
Install Skype on CentOS 7 System - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how to install Skype on your CentOS 7 desktop system. Running Skype on CentOS/Fedora allows you to make Skype calls, group video calls, instant messaging, phone number calls, and screen sharing.
How to Install Skype on CentOS | Fedora ?
The easiest and quickest way to install Skype on Fedora 34/33/32/31/30 is by using the RPM package.
1. Download the package using wget command:
$ wget https://repo.skype.com/latest/skypeforlinux-64.rpm2. Install Skype by running the commands:
### On CentOS and Red Hat systems ###
$ sudo yum localinstall skypeforlinux-64.rpm
### On Fedora 22+ systems ###
$ sudo dnf localinstall skypeforlinux-64.rpm3. Use the following command to launch Skype from the command line and accept terms and conditions for the first time.
$ skypeforlinux
Set Up SSH Keys on CentOS 7 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how to create a new SSH key pair and set up an SSH key-based authentication. You can set up same key to multiple remote hosts on CentOS system. Also, you will learn how to disable SSH password authentication.
SSH, or secure shell, is an encrypted protocol used to administer and communicate with servers. When working with a CentOS server, chances are, you will spend most of your time in a terminal session connected to your server through SSH.
SSH keys are typically configured in an authorized_keys file in . ssh subdirectory in the user's home directory. Typically a system administrator would first create a key using ssh-keygen and then install it as an authorized key on a server using the ssh-copy-id tool.
The public key should be stored in the ~/. ssh/authorized_keys file on the server.
To Create the RSA Key Pair:
1. Execute the command below to create a key pair on the client machine (usually your computer):
$ ssh-keygen2. Press ENTER to save the key pair into the .ssh/ subdirectory in your home directory, or specify an alternate path.
Best Practices to improve SSH Key Security:
- Discover all SSH Keys and Bring Under Active Management.
- Ensure SSH Keys Are Associated With a Single Individual.
- Enforce Minimal Levels of User Rights Through PoLP.
- Stay Attentive to SSH Key Rotation.
- Eliminate Hardcoded SSH Keys.
- Audit All Privileged Session Activity.
Stop and Disable Firewalld on CentOS 7 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how to stop and disable FirewallD on your CentOS 7 system. Firewalld is a complete firewall solution that has been made available by default on all CentOS 7 servers. It is highly recommended that you have another firewall protecting your network or server before, or immediately after, disabling firewalld.
How to manage Firewalld ?
1. To disable firewalld, run the following command as root:
$ systemctl disable firewalld2. To Stop Firewalld, execute the following command as root:
$ systemctl stop firewalld3. To check the status of firewalld, run the following command as root:
$ systemctl status firewalld
Install Iptables on CentOS 7 Server - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how to disable FirewallD and install and iptables on CentOS 7 server. The iptables service stores configuration in /etc/sysconfig/iptables and /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables , while firewalld stores it in various XML files in /usr/lib/firewalld/ and /etc/firewalld/ .
Note that the /etc/sysconfig/iptables file does not exist as firewalld is installed by default on Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
FirewallD is a complete firewall solution that can be controlled with a command-line utility called firewall-cmd. If you are more comfortable with the Iptables command line syntax, then you can disable FirewallD and go back to the classic iptables setup.
To Install and Use Iptables Linux Firewall:
1. Connect to your server via SSH.
2. Execute the following command one by one:
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install iptables3. Check the status of your current iptables configuration by running:
$ sudo iptables -L -vLocation of iptables rules on CentOS ?
CentOS 7 uses FirewallD by default. If you would like to manage iptables/ip6tables rules directly without using FirewallD, you may use the old good iptables-services service which will load the iptables/ip6tables rules saved in /etc/sysconfig/iptables and /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables when it is started during boot time.
Configure Firewall with FirewallD on CentOS 7
This article covers how to configure and manage the FirewallD service on your CentOS system. A Linux firewall used to protect your workstation or server from unwanted traffic. You can set up rules to either block traffic or allow through. You can add or delete or update firewall rules without restarting the firewall daemon or service. The firewall-cmd act as a frontend for the nftables. In CentOS 8 nftables replaces iptables as the default Linux network packet filtering framework.
To Start and enable firewalld, run the commands:
$ sudo systemctl start firewalld
$ sudo systemctl enable firewalldTo Stop and disable firewalld, run the commands:
$ sudo systemctl stop firewalld
$ sudo systemctl disable firewalldTo Check the firewalld status, run the command:
$ sudo firewall-cmd --stateTo Command to reload a firewalld configuration when you make change to rules, run the command:
$ sudo firewall-cmd --reloadTo Get the status of the firewalld service, run the command:
$ sudo systemctl status firewalld
Install MariaDB on CentOS 7 Server - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how to install and Secure MariaDB on a CentOS 7 server. MariaDB is a fork of MySQL managed by the original MySQL developers. It's designed as a replacement for MySQL, uses some commands that reference mysql, and is the default package on CentOS 7.
To Install MariaDB 5.5 on CentOS 7:
1. Install the MariaDB package using the yum package manager:
$ sudo yum install mariadb-server2. Once the installation is complete, start the MariaDB service and enable it to start on boot using the following commands:
$ sudo systemctl start mariadb
$ sudo systemctl enable mariadbTo install MariaDB on CentOS 8:
1. Open the terminal application. Another option is to log in using the ssh command:
ssh user@centos-8-server-ip2. Install the MariaDB on CentOS 8 by running the command:
$ sudo yum install mariadb-server3. Secure the MariaDB server in CentOS 8 by running the command:
$ sudo mysql_secure_installation4. Finally test MariaDB installation by running the command:
$ mysql -u root -pMariaDB vs MySQL:
Even though MariaDB is a fork of MySQL, these two database management systems are still quite different:
MariaDB is fully GPL licensed while MySQL takes a dual-license approach.
MariaDB supports a lot of different storage engines.
In many scenarios, MariaDB offers improved performance.
Install LEMP Stack on CentOS 7 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how to install LEMP stack on CentOS 7. LEMP stands for the Linux operating system, with the ENginx web server (which replaces the Apache component of a LAMP stack). The site data is stored in a MySQL-based database, and dynamic content is processed by PHP.
A LEMP software stack is basically a group of open source software that is typically installed together to enable a server to host dynamic websites and web apps.
To install Nginx on CentOS:
1. Add the CentOS 7 EPEL repository, run the following command:
$ sudo yum install epel-release2. Now that the EPEL repository is installed on your server, install Nginx using the following yum command:
$ sudo yum install nginx3. Once the installation is finished, start the Nginx service with:
$ sudo systemctl start nginx
Install phpMyAdmin with Nginx on CentOS 7 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how to install phpMyAdmin with Nginx on CentOS 7 system. phpMyAdmin helps to handle the database administration of MySQL, MariaDB and Drizzle servers over the web. It basically provides the intuitive web interface and supports most of the MySQL features to create and drop databases, create/drop/alter tables, delete/edit/add columns, execute any SQL statement and to manage indexes on columns.
To install phpMyAdmin, run the following commands:
# yum install epel-release
# yum install phpmyadminTo restart nginx, mariadb and php-fpm services, run the following commands:
# systemctl restart mariadb.service
# systemctl restart nginx.service
# systemctl restart php-fpm.service
Install phpMyAdmin with Apache on CentOS 7 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how to Install phpMyAdmin with Apache on CentOS 7 system. phpMyAdmin is a database utility used for managing MySQL databases through a graphical web-based interface. It can be configured to manage a local database (on the same system), or a remote database (over a network).
To Install EPEL Repository:
1. Get access to the EPEL repository – the Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux, by running the command.
$ sudo yum install -y epel-release2. Once that operation finishes, it's a good idea to refresh and update the EPEL repository.
$ sudo yum –y updateTo Install Apache Web Server:
1. Install Apache on CentOS use the command.
$ yum install httpd -y2. Verify the status of Apache by running with the command.
$ systemctl status httpdTo install PHPMyAdmin on CentOS, enter the command:
$ sudo yum -y install phpmyadmin
Secure Nginx with Let's Encrypt on CentOS 7 - How to do it ?
This article covers how to use the certbot Let’s Encrypt client to obtain a free SSL certificate and use it with Nginx on CentOS 7.
Let's Encrypt is a new Certificate Authority (CA) that provides an easy way to obtain and install free TLS/SSL certificates, thereby enabling encrypted HTTPS on web servers. It simplifies the process by providing a software client, Certbot, that attempts to automate most (if not all) of the required steps.
Currently, the entire process of obtaining and installing a certificate is fully automated on both Apache and Nginx web servers.
To Install the Certbot Let's Encrypt Client:
1. Enable access to the EPEL repository on your server by typing:
$ sudo yum install epel-release2. Once the repository has been enabled, you can obtain the certbot-nginx package by typing:
$ sudo yum install certbot-nginxHow to Install Nginx on CentOS ?
1. To install Nginx, run the command:
$ sudo yum install nginx2. Then, start Nginx using systemctl:
$ sudo systemctl start nginxHow to configure firewall on CentOS ?
If you have a firewall enabled, make sure port 80 and 443 are open to incoming traffic.
1. If you have a firewalld firewall running, you can open these ports by typing:
$ sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=http
$ sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=https
$ sudo firewall-cmd --runtime-to-permanent2. If have an iptables firewall running, the commands you need to run are highly dependent on your current rule set. For a basic rule set, you can add HTTP and HTTPS access by typing:
$ sudo iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
$ sudo iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT
Configure Nginx Server Blocks on CentOS 7 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how to create an Nginx server block configuration to host multiple website on a single CentOS server.
Server Blocks, often referred to as Nginx virtual host are a feature of the Nginx web server that allows you to host multiple websites on one server.
To Test NGINX configuration file, run the command:
$ sudo nginx --tIf the syntax is OK, the output tells you the test was successful.
To restart your Nginx web server and confirm that it's running as expected:
$ sudo systemctl restart nginx
$ sudo systemctl status NginxTo Enable HTTPS on Domain Hosted on Nginx:
You may consider encrypting your domain using Lets Encrypt SSL to add a layer of protection and secure traffic to and from the webserver:
$ sudo dnf install certbot python3-certbot-nginx
$ sudo certbot --nginx
Install Nginx on CentOS 7 Server - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how to Install and configure Nginx on your CentOS 7 server. Now you can deploy your applications and use Nginx as a web or proxy server.
Nginx is a high performance web server software. It is a much more flexible and lightweight program than Apache HTTP Server.
To Install Nginx Web Server on CentOS 8:
1. Install the nginx package with:
$ sudo dnf install nginxWhen prompted, enter y to confirm that you want to install nginx. After that, dnf will install Nginx and any required dependencies to your server.
2. After the installation is finished, run the following commands to enable and start the server:
$ sudo systemctl enable nginx
$ sudo systemctl start nginxThis will make Nginx start at system boot.
To configure Firewall Rules on CentOS for Nginx:
1. Run the following command to permanently enable HTTP connections on port 80:
$ sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http2. To verify that the http firewall service was added correctly, you can run:
$ sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --list-all3. To apply the changes, you'll need to reload the firewall service:
$ sudo firewall-cmd --reload
Secure Apache with Let's Encrypt on CentOS 7 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how to secure Apache with Let's Encrypt SSL on CentOS 7 using Certbot client. Also, you will learn how to set up a cronjob for automatic certificate renewal. Basically, A security certificate is critical for securing traffic sent from web browsers to web servers. Let's Encrypt certificate is a free, open and automated certificate authority that you can use to encrypt your site. The certificate expires after every 90 days and auto-renews at absolutely no cost.
To Install Certbot in CentOS 8.
Certbot is a client that automates the installation of the security certificate. It fetches the certificate from Let's encrypt authority and deploys it on your web server without much of a hassle.
1. Before downloading certbot, first, install packages that are necessary for the configuration of an encrypted connection:
$ sudo dnf install mod_ssl openssl2. Download certbot using the curl command:
$ sudo curl -O https://dl.eff.org/certbot-auto3. Next, move the certbot file to the /usr/local/bin directory and assign the execute file permissions:
$ sudo mv certbot-auto /usr/local/bin
$ sudo chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/certbot-autoTo Assign the permissions to the Document root of a domain:
$ sudo chown -R apache:apache /var/www/domain.comFor the changes to come into effect, restart the Apache service:
$ sudo systemctl restart httpd
Install MySQL on CentOS 7 Server - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how to install and secure a MySQL server on a CentOS 7 server. MySQL is one of the most widely used database management systems for websites and server applications.
To start the MySQL server daemon with the following command:
$ sudo systemctl start mysqldsystemctl doesn't display the outcome of all service management commands, so to be sure we succeeded, we'll use the following command:
$ sudo systemctl status mysqldTo configure MySQL, run the following command:
$ sudo mysql_secure_installationTo Current MySQL Version, run the command:
$ mysql -u root -pTerms used in Managing MySQL User Permissions:
- SELECT – users can read through the database using the select command.
- CREATE – they can generate new tables.
- DROP – allows users to remove tables.
- DELETE – users can take out rows from tables.
- INSERT – lets users add in rows into tables.
- UPDATE – enable them to update the rows.
- GRANT OPTION – they can grant or remove the privileges of other users.
Configure Apache Virtual Hosts on CentOS 7
This article covers method to easily configure Apache virtual hosts. You repeat same procedure for multiple domain.
You can use yum to install Apache through CentOS's default software repositories:
$ sudo yum -y install httpdNext, enable Apache as a CentOS service so that it will automatically start after a reboot:
$ sudo systemctl enable httpd.serviceHow to Set Up Local Hosts File ?
If you are on a Mac or Linux computer, edit your local hosts file with administrative privileges by typing:
$ sudo nano /etc/hostsThe details that you need to add are the public IP address of your VPS followed by the domain that you want to use to reach that VPS:
127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.1.1 guest-desktop
server_ip_address example.com
server_ip_address example2.comThis will direct any requests for example.com and example2.com on our local computer and send them to our server at server_ip_address.
Install PHP 7.4, 7.3, 7.2, 7.1 on CentOS 7 & CentOS 8 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how to install specific version of PHP 7 on CentOS 7 Linux server. PHP is a programming language often used to automate server tasks. It is part of the LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) stack, which is a bundle of software used for running internet servers and services. PHP handles dynamic content, database requests, and processing and displaying data.
To Verify PHP Version:
You can Check which version of PHP you are running with the command:
$ php –vTo Install PHP with Apache on CentOS:
1. Start by installing the yum-utils package by entering the following command in a terminal window:
$ sudo yum install yum-utils –y2. Then, enable the epel-release repository by entering the following:
$ sudo yum install epel-release –y3. Finally, add the following software repositories that contain the PHP packages:
$ sudo yum install http://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm4. For PHP 7.3, you can enable PHP 7.3. Install the release with the following commands:
$ sudo yum-config-manager ––enable remi–php73
$ sudo yum install php php-common php-opcache php-mcrypt php-cli php-gd php-curl php-mysql –y
Install Apache on CentOS 7 Server - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how to install Apache on your CentOS 7 system. You can now ready to start deploying your applications and use Apache as a web server.
Basically, The Apache HTTP server is the most widely-used web server in the world. It provides many powerful features including dynamically loadable modules, robust media support, and extensive integration with other popular software.
To Install Apache on CentOS:
1. Update the local Apache httpd package index to reflect the latest upstream changes:
$ sudo yum update httpd2. Once the packages are updated, install the Apache package:
$ sudo yum install httpd3. Enable firewalld's http service with the following command:
$ sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http4. Configure Apache to serve content over HTTPS, you will also want to open up port 443 by enabling the https service:
$ sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https5. Finally, reload the firewall to put these new rules into effect:
$ sudo firewall-cmd --reload
Create a Sudo User on CentOS - How to do it ?
This article covers how to create a user with sudo privileges. You can now log in to your CentOS server with this user account and use sudo to run administrative commands.
Performing server administration as a non-root user is a best practice.
For security, your first task when deploying a CentOS instance is to create a non-root user with sudo access.
How to Add a New User Account on CentOS Linux System ?
1. To Create a new user account with the adduser command:
# adduser example_user2. Set a strong password for the new user (new_user) with passwd.
# passwd new_user
Install Flameshot on CentOS 8 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how to install the flameshot application on CentOS 8.
You will also learn how you can remove it from your CentOS 8 if you don’t need more on your system.
Main features of flameshot includes:
1. Supports graphical and CLI mode.
2. Edit images instantly.
3. Image uploads to Imgur.
4. Export and import configuration.
5. Easy to use and customizable.
To Install Flameshot in Linux:
Flameshot can be installed using package managers. Before installing through this method make sure you verify the version that ships with your OS:
$ sudo dnf install flameshot # Rhel, Centos, Fedora$ sudo apt install flameshot # Debian, Ubuntu-based distro OR
# Ubuntu based distribution
$ wget https://github.com/flameshot-org/flameshot/releases/download/v0.9.0/flameshot-0.9.0-1.ubuntu-20.04.amd64.deb$ dpkg -i flameshot-0.9.0-1.ubuntu-20.04.amd64.deb# Rhel based distribution
$ wget https://github.com/flameshot-org/flameshot/releases/download/v0.9.0/flameshot-0.9.0-1.fc32.x86_64.rpm$ rpm -i flameshot-0.9.0-1.fc32.x86_64.rpm
Install MongoDB on CentOS 8 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers MongoDB installation on CentOS 8 system.
Instead, it uses JSON-like documents with dynamic schemas, meaning that, unlike relational databases, MongoDB does not require a predefined schema before you add data to a database.
You can alter the schema at any time and as often as is necessary without having to set up a new database with an updated schema.
How to Start the MongoDB Service and Test the Database on Ubuntu?
1. Run the following systemctl command to start the MongoDB service:
# sudo systemctl start mongod2. Then check the service's status:
# sudo systemctl status mongodThis command will return output like the following, indicating that the service is up and running
3. After confirming that the service is running as expected, enable the MongoDB service to start up at boot:
# sudo systemctl enable mongodHow to Managing the MongoDB Service on Ubuntu?
1. The systemctl status command checks the status of the MongoDB service:
# sudo systemctl status mongod2. You can stop the service anytime by typing:
# sudo systemctl stop mongod3. To start the service when it’s stopped, run:
# sudo systemctl start mongod4. You can also restart the server when it’s already running:
# sudo systemctl restart mongod5. If you ever wish to disable this automatic startup, type:
# sudo systemctl disable mongod6. Then to re-enable it to start up at boot, run the enable command again:
# sudo systemctl enable mongod
Install XAMPP on CentOS 8 - Step by Step process to do this ?
This article covers how to install XAMPP on your CentOS system. XAMPP is an easy to install and use Apache distribution packaged with MariaDB, PHP, and Perl.
XAMPP was first developed by a project team called Apache Friends. As an open-source Apache distribution of a PHP development environment, it consists of cross-platform software (X): Apache (A), MariaDB (M), PHP (P) and Perl (P).
To install XAMPP on CentOS 8 Linux system:
1. Update system
Ensure your CentOS system is updated.
$ sudo dnf -y update
$ sudo dnf -y install libnsl2. Download XAMPP on CentOS 8
Install wget on CentOS 8:
$ sudo dnf -y install wgetDownload XAMPP installer. Choose the installer matching the PHP version you want to have.
### PHP 8.0 ###
$ wget https://www.apachefriends.org/xampp-files/8.0.1/xampp-linux-x64-8.0.1-0-installer.run### PHP 7.4 ###
$ wget https://www.apachefriends.org/xampp-files/7.4.14/xampp-linux-x64-7.4.14-0-installer.run### PHP 7.3 ###
$ wget https://www.apachefriends.org/xampp-files/7.3.26/xampp-linux-x64-7.3.26-0-installer.run3. The binary installer should be executable.
### PHP 8.0 ###
$ chmod a+x xampp-linux-x64-8.0.1-0-installer.run### PHP 7.4 ###
$ chmod a+x xampp-linux-x64-7.4.14-0-installer.run### PHP 7.3 ###
$ chmod a+x xampp-linux-x64-7.3.26-0-installer.run4. Then run the XAMP installer:
### PHP 8.0 ###
$ sudo ./xampp-linux-x64-8.0.1-0-installer.run### PHP 7.4 ###
$ sudo ./xampp-linux-x64-7.4.14-0-installer.run### PHP 7.3 ###
$ sudo ./xampp-linux-x64-7.3.26-0-installer.runHow to Start and use XAMPP on CentOS 8:
XAMPP is installed to /opt/lampp/. To start XAMPP services, run:
$ sudo /opt/lampp/lampp startTo verify installation of XAMPP on CentOS 8 visit the Apache web page:
http://localhostStopping and Uninstalling XAMPP on CentOS 8:
To stop XAMPP services run:
$ sudo /opt/lampp/lampp stopTo uninstall XAMPP on CentOS 8, run:
$ cd /opt/lampp
$ sudo ./uninstall
$ sudo rm-rf /opt/lampp
Install Sublime Text Editor on CentOS 8 - Step by Step process to do it ?
This article covers how to install sublime text editor on the CentOS 8 system through the terminal. Sublime text editor is quite similar to vim editor. Sublime text has a built-in Python API available in Windows, Linux, and Mac OS.
To install Sublime Text on Ubuntu:
1. Install the GPG key:
$ wget -qO - https://download.sublimetext.com/sublimehq-pub.gpg | sudo apt-key add -2. Ensure apt is set up to work with https sources:
$ sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https3. Select the channel to use:
i. Stable
$ echo "deb https://download.sublimetext.com/ apt/stable/" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/sublime-text.listii. Dev
$ echo "deb https://download.sublimetext.com/ apt/dev/" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/sublime-text.list4. Update apt sources and install Sublime Text:
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install sublime-textTo fix yum-config-manager command not found:
You need to Install yum-utils by running the command below:
$ yum install yum-utils
Install TeamViewer on CentOS 8 - Step by Step process to get it done ?
This article covers how to install TeamViewer on the CentOS system. Additionally, you will learn how to install, launch, and update TeamViewer on CentOS.
We have also covered how to uninstall TeamViewer in case you no longer need it on your system.
For some more help regarding TeamViewer, run teamviewer help in Terminal.
TeamViewer is a Robust cross-platform solution that provides secure remote access, remote control, and remote support solution across devices.
The data traffic between devices are encrypted which makes the TeamViewer very secure.
This software is available for “Linux, Windows, Mac, Chrome OS” and even for mobile devices like "iOS, Android, and so on".
To Install TeamViewer on CentOS 8:
1. Enable EPEL Repo on CentOS 8
You can install EPEL repo using the below command. This command will enable the repo if it is not already installed:
$ sudo yum install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm -y2. Now you can proceed further to install TeamViewer on CentOS 8:
$ sudo yum install teamviewer.x86_64.rpm -y3. Once the package is installed you can start using team viewer:
$ teamviewer
Install Skype on CentOS 8 - Step by Step process to implement it ?
This article covers how to install skype on the CentOS 8 system. One is using the RPM skype repository and another one is through the snap tool.
Running Skype on CentOS/Fedora allows you to make Skype calls, group video calls, instant messaging, phone number calls, and screen sharing.
To Install Skype on CentOS:
1. Execute the command;
$ sudo yum localinstall skypeforlinux-64.rpm
2. Press y when prompted to confirm installation.
To Launch Skype on CentOS:
After successful installation, search Skype on your Desktop Environment search bar.
Install Apache Web Server on CentOS 8 - Step by Step process to do it ?
This article covers how to install Apache web server on CentOS 8 distribution. With Apache we server, you can host web pages over the network. Apache is available within CentOS's default software repositories, which means you can install it with the dnf package manager.
To install Apache on CentOS:
1. Execute the command below to install the Apache package:
$ sudo dnf install httpd
After confirming the installation, dnf will install Apache and all required dependencies.
2. If you also plan to configure Apache to serve content over HTTPS, you will also want to open up port 443 by enabling the https service:
$ sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https
3. Next, reload the firewall to put these new rules into effect:
$ sudo firewall-cmd --reload
After the firewall reloads, you are ready to start the service and check the web server.
To check your Apache Web Server:
1. Apache does not automatically start on CentOS once the installation completes, so you will need to start the Apache process manually:
$ sudo systemctl start httpd
2. Verify that the service is running with the following command:
$ sudo systemctl status httpd
You will receive an active status when the service is running.
To manage the Apache Process on CentOS:
Now that the service is installed and running, you can now use different systemctl commands to manage the service.
1. To stop your web server, type:
$ sudo systemctl stop httpd
2. To start the web server when it is stopped, type:
$ sudo systemctl start httpd
3. To stop and then start the service again, type:
$ sudo systemctl restart httpd
4. If you are simply making configuration changes, Apache can often reload without dropping connections. To do this, use this command:
$ sudo systemctl reload httpd
5. By default, Apache is configured to start automatically when the server boots. If this is not what you want, disable this behavior by typing:
$ sudo systemctl disable httpd
6. To re-enable the service to start up at boot, type:
$ sudo systemctl enable httpd
Apache will now start automatically when the server boots again.
Install Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS) on CentOS 8 - Step by step process to do it ?
This article covers how to install Zimbra mail server on CentOS & RHEL systems. Zimbra offers two editions, the commercially supported edition called 'Network Edition' & a free/open-source version called 'Open Source Edition'.
Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS) is a collaborative software suite that includes a mail & chat server with a web client.
Main components of Zimbra Mail and Collaboration Server are:
1. Zimbra Core: These are basic libraries, utilities, monitoring tools, and basic configuration files.
2. Zimbra LDAP: This has the OpenLDAP LDAP directory server that provides authentication and configs store for users and other zimbra components.
3. Zimbra MTA (mail routing server): Has Postfix mail transfer agent (MTA) that receives email via SMTP and routes each message to the appropriate Zimbra mailbox server using Local Mail Transfer Protocol (LMTP). It also includes the anti-virus and anti-spam components.
4. Zimbra Store (Zimbra server): The mailbox server includes Data store, Message store and Index store for the mailboxes on the server. When a mail arrives, the Zimbra server schedules a thread to have the message indexed in the index store.
5. Zimbra-SNMP: This is an optional component for for monitoring and it runs on every server (Zimbra server, Zimbra LDAP, Zimbra MTA). Swatch is used to watch the syslog output to generate SNMP traps.
6. Zimbra Logger: This is an optional component for the mailbox server. It installs tools for syslog aggregation, reporting, and message tracing. This is required for the message trace feature.
To Edit your hosts file on Ubuntu:
1. $ nano –w /etc/hosts
You should have this line
Ip_address server.domain.com server
Update it as per your server information.
2. Press ctrl key + o to save
3. Press ctrl key + x to exit
4. Restart your server to take effect all the changes
$ reboot
To install Zimbra on Ubuntu server:
1. Install Zimbra prerequisites
$ apt-get update
$ apt-get install libgmp10 libperl5.18 libaio1 pax sysstat sqlite3
2. Download Zimbra Email Server
$ wget https://files.zimbra.com/downloads/8.6.0_GA/zcs8.6.0_GA_1153.UBUNTU14_64.20141215151116.tgz
3. Unpack the file
tar xzvf zcs-8.6.0_GA_1153.UBUNTU14_64.20141215151116.tgz
4. Go to Zimbra forder
cd zcs-8.6.0_GA_1153.UBUNTU14_64.20141215151116
5. Begin installation
./install.sh
NOTE : While running the install.sh command you will be prompted with the following questions.
Do you agree with the terms of the software license agreements? [N] Y
Install zimbra-ldap [Y] Enter
Install zimbra-logger [Y] Enter
Install zimbra-mta [Y] Enter
Install zimbra-dnscache [Y] N Enter
Install zimbra-snmp [Y] Enter
Install zimbra-store [Y] Enter
Install zimbra-apache [Y] Enter
Install zimbra-spell [Y] Enter
Install zimbra-memcached [Y] Enter
Install zimbra-proxy [Y] Enter
The System will be modified. Continue? [N] Y Enter
NOTE: Do not install dnscache because we already installed bind9.
Sometimes it takes for a while to install some packages.
You will receive this error:
DNS ERROR resolving server.domain.com server
Change hostname [Yes] Enter
Please enter the logical hostname for this host [server.domain.com] domain.com
Ports conflicts detected! – Press Enter /Return key to continue Enter
Setup a password for admin account.
Create and Run a Shell Script in CentOS 8 - Step by step process to do it ?
This article covers how to create and run a simple shell script in CentOS 8 system. With this, you can easily create and run even complex scripts and automate repetitive tasks.
If you are using other Linux distributions, you can visit our posts on how to create and run a shell script in Ubuntu , Debian , and Linux Mint .
An SH file is a script programmed for bash, a type of Unix shell (Bourne-Again SHell). It contains instructions written in the Bash language and can be executed by typing text commands within the shell's command-line interface.
To write and execute a script:
1. Open the terminal. Go to the directory where you want to create your script.
2. Create a file with . sh extension.
3. Write the script in the file using an editor.
4. Make the script executable with command chmod +x <fileName>.
5. Run the script using ./<fileName>.
Change Date, Time, and Time Zone in CentOS 8 - How to do it ?
This article covers how you can easily adjust the time, date, and time zone of your system in CentOS 8.
To change the time zone in Linux systems use the sudo timedatectl set-timezone command followed by the long name of the time zone you want to set.
How to Synchronize Time on Installed Linux Operating Systems ?
1. On the Linux machine, log in as root.
2. Run the ntpdate -u <ntpserver> command to update the machine clock. For example, ntpdate -u ntp-time.
3. Open the /etc/ntp. conf file and add the NTP servers used in your environment.
4. Run the service ntpd start command to start the NTP service and implement you configuration changes.
Importance of man command in Linux:
man command in Linux is used to display the user manual of any command that we can run on the terminal.
It provides a detailed view of the command which includes NAME, SYNOPSIS, DESCRIPTION, OPTIONS, EXIT STATUS, RETURN VALUES, ERRORS, FILES, VERSIONS, EXAMPLES, AUTHORS.
Install Slack on CentOS 8 - Step by Step process to perform it ?
This article covers how you can easily install slack platform on your CentOS 8 Linux system through the command line.
Using a slack application, team members of an organization can unify all conversations from different sources.
Slack is one of the most popular collaboration platforms in the world that brings all your communication together.
Conversations in Slack are organized in channels.
You can create channels for your teams, projects, topics, or any other purpose.
You can search through everything that's been posted in channels or your messages.
Slack also allows you to talk with your teammates over audio or video calls and share documents, images, videos, and other files.
To Install Slack on CentOS:
1. Update system
sudo yum -y update
2. Download and Install Slack on CentOS
sudo yum -y install wget
wget https://downloads.slack-edge.com/linux_releases/slack-3.4.0-0.1.fc21.x86_64.rpm
sudo yum -y install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
sudo yum localinstall slack-3.4.0-0.1.fc21.x86_64.rpm
3. Start and Use Slack
Now that Slack is installed on your CentOS / RHEL 8 desktop, you can launch it through the command line,
$ slack
Install Opera Browser on CentOS 8 - Step by step process to perform it ?
This article covers how to install the Opera browser using different ways on CentOS 8. We have also shown how you can install packages by using the wget command. Opera browser is amazing on your CentOS 8 system.
To install Opera browser on CentOS:
1. Add Opera YUM repository
Run the following commands to manually add the Opera RPM repository to your RHEL / CentOS 8 system.
$ sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/opera.repo <<RPMREPO
[opera]
name=Opera packages
type=rpm-md
baseurl=https://rpm.opera.com/rpm
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://rpm.opera.com/rpmrepo.key
enabled=1
RPMREPO
2. Install Opera Browser on RHEL 8 / CentOS 8
Use yum package manager command to install Opera Browser on RHEL 8 / CentOS 8.
$ sudo yum -y install opera-stable
3. Wait for the installation to complete then launch the browser from the CLI:
$ opera
Install Wine on CentOS 8 - Step by Step process to do it ?
This article covers how to install Wine on CentOS 8. With the use of this package, you can easily use the native Windows applications on CentOS 8. However, you can also remove this package from your CentOS 8 system to conserve the memory whenever you want.
How to Install Wine 4 on CentOS 8:
Install EPEL Repos on CentOS 8
Wine is not included in the default CentOS 8 repositories but however available on EPEL repos. Therefore, run the command below to install EPEL repos:
$ dnf install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
To run Wine on CentOS 8:
Wine command takes the following syntax.
$ wine program [arguments]
To obtain help on Wine usage;
$ wine --help
Consult man pages for Wine for more insight.
$ man wine
Before you can use Wine to run Windows applications, reboot your system to setup the Wine environment.
$ systemctl reboot
Install and Use TermRecord on CentOS 8 - Do it now
This article Covers how to install the TermRecord application on CentOS 8. The TermRecord application allows you to better enjoy the recorded #Terminal content.
TermRecord is a simple, open source, terminal session recorder with easy-to-share self-contained HTML output.
#TermRecord Stores these files as your own notes, email them to collaborators, use them as instructional examples, or whatever you wish.
TermRecord consumes output from the script command with timing information and can create a self-contained HTML file which replays the recorded session without needing to load anything from the web.
These term sessions can be emailed and viewed on practically any device (including iPads etc.).
The end user only needs a modern browser.
Features of TermRecord includes:
1. User friendly.
2. Detects the terminal size.
3. Nest sessions.
4. Cross-platform HTML-based output.
5. Stores the output as either JSON, embeddable JavaScript, or a static HTML file.
6. Written in Python.
To install on TermRecord #CentOS:
1. First of all, connect to your server via SSH and make sure that all of your system software is up to date.
Run the following command to update the package list and upgrade all of your system software to the latest version available:
$ sudo yum update -y
2. Install Pip.
Add the EPEL Repository:
$sudo yum install epel-release
Install pip:
$ sudo yum install python-pip
Once the installation has completed, you can verify that it was successful by using the following command:
$pip -V
3. Install TermRecord
Install TermRecord using the Python package manager (pip):
$sudo pip install TermRecord
How to use TermRecord on CentOS system ?
Taking a video of the terminal with TermRecord is rather simple, just run the following command (be attentive to capital letters):
TermRecord -o record.html
Note: We specify the output file in which the video will be recorded using the -o option. the .html format is the default format.
For more complex operations check out TermRecord --help
Install PostgreSQL in CentOS 8 - Step by Step Process ?
This article will cover how to install and remove the PostgreSQL server and create a database in PostgreSQL on CentOS 8. Also you will learn how to add tables in the database by using the SQL query.
PostgreSQL is available from CentOS 8's default AppStream software repository, and there are multiple versions which you can install.
You can choose between these versions by enabling the appropriate collection of packages and dependencies that align with the version you want to install, with each collection referred to as a module stream.
To List out the available streams for the postgresql module using the dnf command:
$ dnf module list postgresql
Methods to Install Google Chrome on CentOS 8 ?
This article covers the different methods for the installation of Google Chrome on the CentOS 8 system using the terminal commands and graphical method.
Once the installation of chrome is complete, now you can feel free to add chrome extensions and favorite themes from the web store of Google Chrome.
To install Google Chrome 78 on a RHEL/CentOS/Fedora Linux:
1. Open the Terminal application. Grab 64bit Google Chrome installer.
2. Type the following command to download 64 bit version of Google Chrome:
wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_x86_64.rpm
3. Install Google Chrome and its dependencies on a CentOS/RHEL, type:
sudo yum install ./google-chrome-stable_current_*.rpm
4. Start Google Chrome from the CLI:
google-chrome &
To upgrade Google Chrome from an older version:
You can simply update it by typing the following yum command:
$ sudo yum update google-chrome-stable
OR use the following dnf command to update it on a Fedora Linux:
$ sudo dnf update google-chrome-stable
To uninstall Chrome from Ubuntu:
1. Open the Terminal: It should be present on your desktop or taskbar.
2. Type sudo apt-get purge google-chrome-stable and press Enter to uninstall the Chrome browser.
3. Type sudo apt-get autoremove and press Enter to clean up the Package Manager to ensure that there are no lingering files.
Install MariaDB on CentOS 8 - Step by step process ?
This article will guide you on how to install MariaDB on your CentOS 8 system. Now you can create new databases and grant privileges to other database users. Also, you can add users and create new databases for web or desktop applications which will be written in PHP, Python, and so on.
In MariaDB replication is faster whereas in MySQL replication is slower.
MariaDB is Open Source whereas MySQL uses some proprietary code in its Enterprise Edition.
MariaDB doesn't support Data Masking and Dynamic column while MySQL supports it. Comparatively MariaDB is faster than MySQL.
To uninstall MariaDB and install mysql:
1. Purge mariadb sudo apt purge mariadb-* Remove all databases ('Yes' answer)
2. Purge mysql sudo apt purge mysql-*
3. Remove folders: sudo rm -r /usr/share/mysql/ sudo rm -r /etc/mysql/ sudo rm -r /lib/systemd/system/mysql.service.
4. Now you can try to install oracle mysql: sudo apt install mysql-server.
Perform SSH Installation And Configuration in CentOS
This article will guide you on the steps to install openssh server (sshd) and clients on CentOS Linux using the yum command. The #ssh #command provides a secure encrypted connection between two hosts over an insecure #network. This connection can also be used for #terminal access, file transfers, and for tunneling other applications. Graphical X11 applications can also be run securely over SSH from a remote location.
How to set up OpenVPN Server on CentOS 8 Server ?
In this article, you will learn how to set up an OpenVPN server on CentOS 8 Linux server.
The complete steps on how to add and create a Sudo User on CentOS Linux 8 sudoers
This article will guide you on how to add a new and existing user account to sudo in CentOS 8 by appending them to wheel group so that they can run admin commands.
Easy method to install and configure Squid Proxy on CentOS 7 Server
In this article, you will learn how to install Squid and steps to configure the Squid Proxy port and adjusting the access control list.
How to install 389 Directory Server to serve as LDAP Server for your CentOS 8 / RHEL 8 Machine?
This article will take you through the steps on how to install 389 Directory Server LDAP Server on CentOS/RHEL 8.
Learn how to set up NFS Server of CentOS 8 and RHEL 8
This article will show you how to install and configure an NFS Server on CentOS 8 Machine, Our Server Experts will take you through the steps to create files on both the NFS Server and Client and enable you share files efficiently between two or more systems.
Steps to configure Caching Dns Server on CentOS 8 Machine
Here is a complete guide on how to configure the DNS caching-only server on CentOS 8.
How to configure DNS Server on CentOS 8?
Here, you will learn how to install and configure a DNS Server on CentOS 8 machine.
A complete guide on how to set up Static IP address on CentOS 8
This article will guide you on how to configure a Static IP address on CentOS 8.
How to install and configure CentOS 8 on VirtualBox
This article will guide you through the processes of Installing VirtualBox, CentOS 8 as a Virtual Machine (VM) on VirtualBox.
Method of installing MariaDB on CentOS 7
MariaDB is a very popular Database management system which is open source. It is well know as being stable and in this context , we will analyze how to get it running on your CentOS 7 Linux machine.
How to solve crash in virtual servers when running Xen 4.8 and later versions
Resolving the bug in Xen version 4.8 and later versions in CentOS and Ubuntu Based Linux Distribution by easy to use techniques and modifying the kernel parameters.
Disabling crashkernel on CentOS 7
Crashkernel feature uses up a useful amount of memory which is needed by the system itself. Therefore it is best to disable this feature to save up more memory for the System in general. Here is an easy procedure to Disable crashkernel in CentOS.
Easy way to free disk space on CentOS 7
The most effective method of clearing up disk space via the inbuilt resources in CentOS. This Tutorial will show you how to free up space in your CentOS machine Safely and effectively without loosing vital files.
How to fix ModSecurity Error Failed deleting collection
This article will show you exactly what we did to fix ModSecurity error: collections_remove_stale: Failed deleting collection.
