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Install MySQL on Ubuntu 18.04 - Step by Step Process ?

This article covers how to install MySQL version 8.0 on an Ubuntu 20.04 server. By completing it, you will have a working relational database that you can use to build your next website or application.

MySQL is an open-source database management system, commonly installed as part of the popular LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP/Python/Perl) stack. It implements the relational model and uses Structured Query Language (better known as SQL) to manage its data.


To install MySQL using the APT package repository:

1. Update the package index on your server if you've not done so recently:

$ sudo apt update

2. Then install the mysql-server package:

$ sudo apt install mysql-server

This will install MySQL, but will not prompt you to set a password or make any other configuration changes. 

Because this leaves your installation of MySQL insecure, we will address this next.

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Create a Sudo User on Ubuntu 20.04 - Step by Step Process ?

This article covers how to create a user with sudo privileges. You can now log in to your Ubuntu server with this user account and use sudo to run administrative commands.

Basically, The sudo command provides a mechanism for granting administrator privileges, ordinarily only available to the root user, to normal users. 

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Download Ubuntu 18.04 LTS ISO File – Desktop & Server

This article covers a review about Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver). You can find the Ubuntu 18.04 release notes on its official website.


Ubuntu 18.04.4 (Bionic Beaver) was released on February 12, 2020, the long-term support (LTS) release of the Ubuntu, this was the 4rd point release of the 18.04 LTS and it was available for desktop / laptop computers and servers. Ubuntu 18.04.4 desktop didn't support 32-bit CPU architecture, and is only available to install 64-bit (x86-64) versions. Compared to previous releases, this Ubuntu version includes security updates and fixed bugs.

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Find Out Which Processes are Listening on a Particular Port in Ubuntu 20.04

This article covers methods to find out the processes that are listening to particular ports on your Linux system. A port is nothing but an endpoint of communication used in computer networks.

You have physical or wireless connections at the hardware level. At software or operating system level a port act as a logical construct that acts as communication port of network service such as SSH, HTTPD and more.

TCP and UDP are the most common port. TCP is an acronym for Transmission Control Protocol. UDP is an acronym for User Datagram Protocol.


How to Find Out Which Process Is Listening Upon a Port in Linux ?

1. netstat command or ss command – a command-line tool that displays network connections, routing tables, and a number of network interface statistics.

2. fuser command – a command line tool to identify processes using files or sockets.

3. lsof command – a command line tool to list open files under Linux / UNIX to report a list of all open files and the processes that opened them.

4. /proc/$pid/ file system – Under Linux /proc includes a directory for each running process (including kernel processes) at /proc/PID, containing information about that process, notably including the processes name that opened port.

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Clear RAM Cache, Buffer, and Swap Space on Linux System - How to do it ?

This article covers how to clear the cache and buffer memory of the physical memory along with clearing the swap space when needed.

Every Linux System has three options to clear cache without interrupting any processes or services.


If you want to clear Swap space, you may like to run the below command.

$ swapoff -a && swapon -a


To Clear PageCache, dentries and inodes:

$ sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches


To Clear PageCache only:

$ sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches


To Clear dentries and inodes:

$ sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

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Install Duplicity on Linux Mint 20 - Step by Step Process ?

This article covers how to install Duplicity on your Linux system. After doing that, you will be able to maintain the backups of your critical data and hence prevent data loss. Moreover, you can also easily remove this backup software tool from your Linux system.

If you are a system administrator and responsible for managing servers than backing up data is one of the most important tasks of you. 

So you must have enough knowledge of backup tools that makes your task easier.

Duplicity is a free, open-source and an advanced command-line backup utility built on top of librsync and GnuPG. It produces digitally signed, versioned and encrypted tar volumes for storage on a local or remote computer. 

Duplicity supports many protocols for connecting to a file server including, ssh/scp, rsync, ftp, DropBox, Amazon S3, Google Docs, Google Drive, local filesystem, OneDrive, WebDAV and many more.


To install and configure Duplicity to perform manually and automate backup on Ubuntu 20.04 server:

1. You can update all of them with the following command:

$ apt-get update -y

2. After updating all packages, you will also need to install some required dependencies on your server. You can install all of them by running the following command:

$ apt-get install ncftp python3-paramiko python-pycryptopp lftp python3-boto python3-dev librsync-dev -y

3. By default, Duplicity is available in the Ubuntu 20.04 default repository. You can install it by just running the following command:

$ apt-get install duplicity -y

4. Once installed, verify the installed version of Duplicity with the following command:

$ duplicity --version

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