Resources, Articles, Tricks, and Solutions in connection to Docker
Where is the Configuration Data Stored in Linux
This article covers some configuration files where our configuration data is stored, like network scripts, interface, dhclient, host, sysctl configuration files. In fact, Some computer programs employ files to configure their attributes and initial settings. These files are called configuration files. Configuration files are used to store configuration data of different types. There are multiple configuration files on the Linux system.
How Does Linux Administrator Secure Data in the system ?
This article covers the ways in which Linux administrators can secure data by advancing security scanning, using network filters and firewalls, using secure protocols, using strong passwords, and finally, by installing only necessary packages. In fact, many are attempting to steal your information, so your data is in danger on the system.
Install Firefox on Debian 11 - Step by step guide ?
This article covers how to install the latest version of Mozilla Firefox browser on Debian 11 system. In fact, firefox is Safe and easy web browser from Mozilla Safe and easy web browser from Mozilla.
Write Data into File in Linux - Step by step guide ?
This article covers how to write data through "cat", "echo", and "printf" commands, and through the "nano" text editor.
Best Linux Distro in Data Science - Learn More about them ?
This article covers the best Linux Distros available which are Ubuntu, Fedora, and OpenSUSE.
Change Status on Microsoft Teams - Step by step guide ?
This article covers how to change the status on Microsoft Teams. In fact, you can now share to your contacts what you are up to and explain why you are busy or unavailable.
How to follow person status on Microsoft Teams ?
- Open Microsoft Teams.
- Click the profile button on the top-right corner.
- Click on Settings.
- Click on Notifications.
- Under the "People" section, click the Edit button.
- Specify the name of the people you want to follow.
- Once you complete the steps, you'll get a notification when the person appears available or offline.
Recover Deleted Data on a Linux System
This article covers the recovery methods of deleted data in Ubuntu (Linux OS). Data loss is a major problem that causes a lot of stress but there are many recovery tools that help to recover lost data.
Merge Data in Linux - How to do it ?
This article covers the different ways to merge data on Ubuntu using cat, sed, and merge command and for loop.
Display Data from a Text File in Ubuntu Linux
This article covers the different ways of extracting the text from text files and displaying them on the terminal like displaying data from a text file using cat, nl, less, more, head, tail, and misc. In fact, Text files are files that are used to store information. We need to configure text files daily, for this we want to display the content of text files.
Create a Meeting in Microsoft Teams - Step by step guide ?
This article covers how you can create or schedule a meeting using Microsoft Teams. In fact, Microsoft Team is a great communication tool you can use to chat, share files, and have audio and video meetings with your team.
To schedule a meeting in Microsoft Teams:
- In the Teams chat, click on the Schedule a meeting icon (under the box for the new message.)
- Then, select Calendar, which is on the left side panel, and then click on New meeting.
- A pop-up window will appear. You can select the time and date for the meeting.
- When done with scheduling, click Save. After that, the pop-up window will close, and you can send the meeting invitations using Outlook.
'kubectl get' Command - Explained with Examples
This article covers kubectl Commands with Examples. In fact, Kubectl is a set of commands for controlling Kubernetes clusters. Every Kubernetes command has an API endpoint, and kubectl’s primary purpose is to carry out HTTP requests to the API.
While it is possible to issue HTTP requests yourself (e.g., using curl), kubectl is designed to make this process more comfortable and straightforward.
How to delete Resources using kubectl command ?
To remove resources from a file or stdin, use the kubectl delete command.
1. Remove a pod using the name and type listed in pod.yaml:
$ kubectl delete -f pod.yaml2. Remove all pods and services with a specific label:
$ kubectl delete pods,services -l [label-key]=[label-value]3. Remove all pods (including uninitialized pods):
$ kubectl delete pods --all
Run .sh File Commands All in Once in Linux
This article covers how to run sh files using the terminal as well as using the command line or terminal. In fact, the .sh file is nothing but the shell script to install given application or to perform other tasks under Linux like operating systems.
How do I run .sh file shell script in Linux?
The procedure to run the .sh file shell script on Linux is as follows:
- Open the Terminal application on Linux or Unix.
- Create a new script file with .sh extension using a text editor.
- Write the script file using nano script-name-here.sh.
- Set execute permission on your script using chmod command : chmod +x script-name-here.sh .
- To run your script : ./script-name-here.sh
- Another option is as follows to execute shell script: $ sh script-name-here.sh OR bash script-name-here.sh .
mktemp Command in Linux - Explained with examples ?
This article covers how to use the mktemp command in Linux. In fact, mktemp can help to Create temporary files or directoriesin your Linux system.
Convert a Directory to a Partition in Linux
This article covers moving the home directory into a newly added disk that has a dedicated Partition.
Different methods of Checking MySQL Version in Linux
This article covers the ways to check the MySQL version in Linux. In fact, MySQL (and its drop-in replacement MariaDB) is the most popular open-source relational database management system. There are some important differences between MySQL versions, so knowing which version is running on your server might be important in some situations.
How to Check MySQL Version with V Command ?
The easiest way to find the MySQL version is with the command:
$ mysql -VThe command mysql –V is not OS specific. This command works on Windows, OS X, and Linux distributions including Ubuntu.
Different methods to Open a File in Linux
This article covers the different methods to open a file in Linux via a terminal. In fact, In Linux, we can display various file formats such as text file, audio files, video, image, doc, pdf, or any other file contents.
How to Open File Using gnome-open Command ?
For the GNOME-based Linux environment, we can use the gnome-open command to open a file.
If the gnome utility is not installed on our machine, we can install it by using the following command:
$ sudo apt install libgnome2-bin Execute the above command and provide the system administrator password to install the GNOME utility.
Now, to display the file content, execute the command as follows:
$ gnome-open Test.txt The above command will open the file with the default file system.
There are some other popular Linux environments, such as KDE DESKTOP, OS X UNIX, and more.
For KDE Desktop, execute the command as follows:
$ kde-open <file name> or,
$ xdg-open <file name> For OS X UNIX, execute the command as follows:
$ open <file name>
Most Effective GUI Tools to Free Up Space on Ubuntu and Linux Mint
This article covers the best GUI Tools to Free Up Space on Ubuntu and Linux Mint . In fact, you can use these tools to regularly keep your Ubuntu / Linux Mint system free of junk files.
How to Remove old kernels from the Ubuntu / Linux Mint system ?
1. As we should know, the Linux Kernel is the heart of the system, but it is also known that it is updated every so often, so they are released new versions which are installed in the system displacing the old versions which remain stored without being eliminated.
For this we must type the following command:
$ sudo dpkg 'linux-image *' --list2. Next, they must identify their oldest kernels and execute the following command to remove the previous versions.
Just replace xxxxx with the version of Linux you want to delete:
$ sudo apt-get remove linux-image-xxxxx3. As an alternative, an easier way to clean up these old kernels is to use 'autoremove':
$ sudo apt-get autoremove --purge
iostat Command in Linux - Explained with examples
This article covers how to use the iostat command in Linux. In fact, iostat command is used to monitor CPU utilization and I/O (input /output) statistics of all the disks and file systems. nfsiostat command is used to monitor i/o statistics of network file system(NFS).
iostat command generally generates two reports:
- CPU utilization report.
- All disks i/o statistics report.
To generate the reports, iostat command reads some of the system files . These files are:
- /proc/diskstats for disk stats.
- /proc/stat for system stats.
- /sys for block device stats.
- /proc/devices for persistent device names.
- /proc/self/mountstats for all the network filesystems.
- /proc/uptime for information regarding system uptime.
namei Command in Linux System - Explained with Examples
This article covers how to use the namei command in Linux.
The namei command in Linux follows a pathname until a terminal point is found. Following is its syntax:
$ namei [options] pathname...And here's what the man page says about this tool:
- namei :interprets its arguments as pathnames to any type of Unix file (symlinks, files, directories, and so forth). namei then follows each pathname until an endpoint is found (a file, a directory, a device node, etc). If it finds a symbolic link, it shows the link, and starts following it, indenting the output to show the context.
- This program is useful for finding "too many levels of symbolic links" problems.
Linux wget Command - Explained with Examples
This article covers the wget command which downloads files served with HTTP, HTTPS, or FTP over a network. In fact, Wget is a free GNU command-line utility tool used to download files from the internet. It retrieves files using HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP protocols.
Wget command options includes:
- -V, --version: Display the version of wget, and exit.
- -h, --help: Print a help message describing all the wget's command-line options, and exit.
- -b, --background: Go to background immediately after startup. If no output file is specified via the -o, output is redirected to wget-log.
- -e command,
- --execute command: Execute command as if it were a part of the file .wgetrc. A command thus invoked is executed after the commands in .wgetrc, thus taking precedence over them.
How to Check if wget is Installed?
To check, open the terminal window and type in:
$ wgetIf the output displays wget command not found you need to download and install the tool manually. Below you will find the installation instructions for Ubuntu/Debian, CentOS, and Windows.
To install wget on Ubuntu or Debian releases, use the command:
$ sudo apt-get install wgetTo install wget on CentOS or Fedora, type the following command:
$ sudo yum install wgetHow to Install wget on Windows ?
- Download wget for Windows and install the package.
- Add the wget bin path to environment variables (optional). Configuring this removes the need for full paths, and makes it a lot easier to run wget from the command prompt:
- Open the Start menu and search for "environment".
- Select Edit the system environment variables.
- Select the Advanced tab and click the Environment Variables button.
- Select the Path variable under System Variables.
- Click Edit.
- In the Variable value field add the path to the wget bin directory preceded by a semicolon (;). If installed in the default path, add C:Program Files (x86)GnuWin32bin.
- Open the command prompt (cmd.exe) and start running wget commands.
tty (/dev/tty ) vs pts (/dev/pts) in Linux
This article covers the differences between pts and tty. In fact, it also shows you how to overview the Linux system.
Dig DNS Records in a Sample Python Program
This article covers how to dig DNS records by using a simple python program with the use of the python module dnspython. In fact, A Python program is useful to find either a single record type at a time or all record types of a domain name.
The dig lookup runs queries against DNS servers to retrieve DNS records for a specific name (FQDN - fully qualified domain name). It is possible to lookup any DNS record in this manner.
How does sudo apt-get update work in Ubuntu / Debian Linux system ?
This article covers the sudo apt-get update command which is useful for all beginners and Linux users. In fact, To explore more about this command, run the apt-get update or apt update command on your Linux system.
What does sudo apt-get upgrade command do?
- The sudo apt-get update command is used to download package information from all configured sources.
- The sources often defined in /etc/apt/sources.list file and other files located in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ directory.
- So when you run update command, it downloads the package information from the Internet. It is useful to get info on an updated version of packages or their dependencies.
How to Run sudo apt-get update command to update package index ?
Simply type apt-get command or apt command:
$ sudo apt updateOR
$ sudo apt-get update
Best Skype Alternatives for Linux
This article covers the best Skype alternatives. In fact, If you wish to ditch Skype, one of these apps is likely to satisfy your call and messaging needs on Linux.
Fuser Command in Linux - Explained with examples
This article covers how to find processes by using the fuser command in Linux. In fact, the fuser command is primarily used to identify processes using files, directories, or sockets.
fuser command Options includes:
- -a, --all: Show all files specified on the command line. By default, only files that are accessed by at least one process are shown.
- -c: Same as -m option, used for POSIX compatibility.
- -f: Silently ignored, used for POSIX compatibility.
- -k, --kill: Kill processes accessing the file. Unless changed with -SIGNAL, SIGKILL is sent. An fuser process never kills itself, but may kill other fuser processes. The effective user ID of the process executing fuser is set to its real user ID before attempting to kill.
- -i, --interactive: Ask the user for confirmation before killing a process. This option is silently ignored if -k is not also present.
- -l, --list-signals: List all known signal names.
- -m NAME,
- --mount NAME NAME: specifies a file on a mounted file system or a block device that is mounted. All processes accessing files on that file system are listed. If a directory file is specified, it is automatically changed to NAME/. to use any file system that might be mounted on that directory.
- -M, --ismountpoint: Request is fulfilled only if NAME specifies a mountpoint. This is an invaluable seatbelt which prevents you from killing the machine if NAME happens to not be a filesystem.
- -w: Kill only processes which have write access. This option is silently ignored if -k is not also present.
- -n: SPACE,
- --namespace SPACE: Select a different name space. The name spaces file (file names, the default), udp (local UDP ports), and tcp (local TCP ports) are supported. For ports, either the port number or the symbolic name can be specified. If there is no ambiguity, the shortcut notation name/space (e.g., 80/tcp) can be used.
- -s, --silent: Silent operation. -u and -v are ignored in this mode. -a must not be used with -s.
- -SIGNAL: Use the specified signal instead of SIGKILL when killing processes. Signals can be specified either by name (e.g., -HUP) or by number (e.g., -1). This option is silently ignored if the -k option is not also present.
- -u, --user: Append the username of the process owner to each PID.
- -v, --verbose: Verbose mode. Processes are shown in a ps-like style. The fields PID, USER, and COMMAND are similar to ps. ACCESS shows how the process accesses the file. Verbose mode also shows when a particular file is being access as a mount point, knfs export or swap file. In this case, kernel is shown instead of the PID.
- -V, --version: Display version information.
- -4, --ipv4: Search only for IPv4 sockets. This option must not be used with the -6 option and only has an effect with the tcp and udp namespaces.
- -6, --ipv6: Search only for IPv6 sockets. This option must not be used with the -4 option and only has an effect with the tcp and udp namespaces.
- - : Reset all options and set the signal back to SIGKILL.
Mail Command in Linux - Explained with examples
This article covers the Complete guide for setting up a mail server using Postfix, Dovecot & SquirrelMail.
Linux mail command Options:
- -a, --append=HEADER: VALUE: Append given header to the message being sent.
- -e, --exist: Return true if mail exists.
- -E, --exec=COMMAND: Execute COMMAND.
- -f, --file[=URL]: Operate on given mailbox URL. The default mailbox is ~/mbox.
- -F, --byname: Save messages according to sender.
- -H, --headers: Write a header summary and exit.
- -i, --ignore: Ignore interrupts.
- -n, --norc: Do not read the system mailrc file.
- -N, --nosum: Do not display initial header summary.
- -p, --print: Print all mail to standard output.
- -q, --quit: Cause interrupts to terminate program.
- -r, --read: Same as -p
- -s, --subject=SUBJ: Send a message with a subject of SUBJ.
- -t, --to: Precede message by a list of addresses.
- -u, --user=USER: Operate on USER's mailbox.
- --license: Print license and exit.
- --external-locker=PATH: Set full path of the external locker program
- --lock-expire-timeout=SECONDS: Number of seconds after which the lock expires.
- --lock-flags=FLAGS: Default locker flags (E=external, R=retry, T=time, P=pid)
- --lock-retry-count=NUMBER: Set the maximum number of times to retry acquiring the lockfile.
- --lock-retry-timeout=SECONDS: Set timeout for acquiring the lockfile.
- -m, --mail-spool=URL: Use specified URL as a mailspool directory.
- --mailbox-type=PROTO: Default mailbox type to use.
- --tls[=BOOL]: Enable TLS support.
- -?, --help: Display a help message and exit.
- --usage: Display a short usage message and exit.
- -V, --version: Display program version and exit.
Mv Command in Linux - Explained with Examples
This article covers how to use the mv command in Linux.
mv command Options
- --backup[=vcm]: Make a backup of each existing destination file, using the version control method vcm. If vcm is omitted, --backup behaves the same as -b (backups are created, using the default version control method). See backing up files for details.
- -b: Like --backup, but does not accept a backup method. Instead, the method specified by the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable is used. Simple backups are created if the variable is not set. See version control methods for details.
- -f, --force: Always overwrite existing files without prompting. This can be useful if you need to overwrite multiple files whose permissions are read-only; if you don't specify -f, you are prompted for every file.
- -i, --interactive: Prompt before overwriting an existing file, regardless of the file's permissions.
- -n, --no-clobber: Never overwrite any existing file.
- --strip-trailing-slashes: Remove any trailing slashes from each source argument.
- -S, --suffix=suffix: Specify the file name suffix to be used for all backup files. The default is "~".
- -t,
- --target-directory=destination: Move all sources into the directory destination.
- -T, --no-target-directory: Treat destination as a normal file, not as a directory.
- -u, --update: Don't overwrite files if they're newer. A move only happens if the destination file is older than the source file, or the destination file does not already exist.
- -v, --verbose: Provide verbose output. Print the name of every file moved.
- --help: Display a help message, and exit.
- --version: Display version information, and exit.
Update Google Chrome - Step by step guide ?
This article covers how to check for recent chrome updates and how to install them. In fact, Chrome updates happen in the background automatically — keeping you running smoothly and securely with the latest features.
lsblk Command in Linux - Explained with examples
This article covers how to use the lsblk command in Linux. In fact, lsblk prints all block devices (except RAM disks) in a tree-like format by default. Use lsblk --help to get a list of all available columns.
The lsblk command in Linux lists block devices.
Following is Lsblk's syntax:
$ lsblk [options] [device...]Lsblk can be used to retrieve a vast range of information about all the block devices attached to the system.
How to make lsblk display info about device owner, group, and mode ?
This can be achieved using the -m command line option:
$ lsblk -m
Methods to List All Available Commands and Aliases in Linux
This article covers how to list all the available commands and aliases that we can run on Linux. In fact, The compgen is bash built-in command and it will show all available commands, aliases, and functions for you. This command works under Linux, macOS, *BSD and Unix-like system when Bash shell is installed.
w Command in Linux - Explained with Examples
This article covers all you need to know about the w command in Linux. In fact, The w command is a built-in tool that allows administrators to view information about users that are currently logged in. This includes their username, where they are logged in from, and what they are currently doing.
w Command in Linux Syntax
The Linux w command is a system utility that displays information about currently logged-in users. It uses the following syntax:
$ w [options] [username]Where:
- [options]: Options that change the way the command behaves.
- [username]: Entering the name of a specific user only shows information about that particular user in the output.
The w command uses the following options:
- -h, --no-header Print output without the header.
- -u, --no-current Ignores username when calculating current process times and load.
- -s, --short Print output in the short format.
- -f, --from Toggle printing the FROM (remote hostname) field.
- --help Display help text.
- -i, --ip-addr Replace the hostname in the FROM field with the IP address.
- -V, --version Display current command version.
- -o, --old-style Print old-style output (blank space for idle times shorter than 1 minute).
Generating Random Numbers via Linux Terminal
This article covers how to generate random numbers with a small command on the terminal or by creating the script.
Copy Multiple Files Using cp command in Linux - Complete guide ?
This article covers how to copy multiple files using the cp command in Linux. In fact, cp is the command entered in a Unix and Linux shell to copy a file from one place to another, possibly on a different filesystem. The original file remains unchanged, and the new file may have the same or a different name.
Configure a Custom SSH Banner - Step by step guide ?
This article covers How to Set a Custom SSH Warning Banner and MOTD in Linux. In fact, SSH banner warnings are necessary when companies or organizations want to display a stern warning to discourage unauthorized parties from accessing a server.
How to Configure Linux Mint 20 Automatic Updates Through GUI ?
This article covers the process of configuring the automatic updates of a Linux Mint 20 system.
htop Tool in Linux - htop command explained with examples
This article covers how to use the htop tool in Linux. In fact, the htop command is an interactive process viewer for Linux / Unix systems. It is a text-mode application and requires the ncurses library.
How to Install and Use Htop in Linux System ?
To install Htop on a Linux operating system distribution of your choice, reference one of the following installation commands:
$ sudo apt-get install htop [On Debian, Ubuntu and Mint]
$ sudo yum install htop [On RHEL/CentOS/Fedora and Rocky Linux/AlmaLinux]
$ sudo emerge sys-process/htop [On Gentoo Linux]
$ sudo pacman -S htop [On Arch Linux]
$ sudo zypper install htop [On OpenSUSE]
Host Command in Linux - Explained With examples
This article covers how to use the host command in Linux. In fact, host performs DNS lookups, converting domain names to IP addresses and vice versa. When no arguments or options are given, host prints a summary of its command line arguments and options.
Convert PNG, JPEG to WebP in Ubuntu? ( Also WebP to PNG and JPEG )
This article covers how to convert PNG, JPEG format to WebP in Ubuntu.
How to Add WebP support to GNOME Image Viewer in Ubuntu and Other Linux ?
1. On Ubuntu-based Linux distributions, you can install this library using a PPA. Use the following commands one by one:
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:krifa75/eog-ordissimo
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install webp-pixbuf-loader2. On Fedora, use:
$ sudo dnf install webp-pixbuf-loader3. On Arch Linux, use:
$ sudo pacman -S webp-pixbuf-loaderHow to install gThumb in Ubuntu and other Linux ?
To install gThumb in Ubuntu and other Ubuntu based Linux distributions, use the command below:
$ sudo apt-get install gthumb
Nice and Renice Command – How to Set Process Priority in Linux ?
This article covers more about the nice and renice command in Linux. In fact, If you need to set such priority for the specific process for the kernel to load and execute the process with the correct management of CPU resources, these nice and renice come in handy.
Install and Use Neofetch on Linux ( RHEL /CentOS / Arch ) - Step by step Guide ?
This article covers different ways of installing Neofetch on major Linux distributions. In fact, Neofetch is a handy tool when you want to display information about the system you are working on. It's mostly useful in tutorials and guides when you want to show your readers the OS and hardware type you are using.
To see what other options you can specify with Neofetch, run the neofetch --help command.
Monitor your NGINX web / proxy server using Amplify
This article covers Amplify which is an important monitoring tool having a significant role for the better handling of the server that is based on a SaaS monitoring platform. In fact, Amplify support for Nginx Plus, php-fpm and other components of the underlying operating system is a great advantage for the Nginx users to monitor all the involved systems through a WEB UI portal.
Nginx Amplify Agent collects the following types of data:
- Nginx Metrics – It collects various Nginx-related metrics from stub_status, logs files, and from the process state.
- System Metrics – Nginx Amplify monitors a variety of system metrics such as CPU usage, memory usage, network traffic, and many more.
- PHP-FPM Metrics – If it identifies a running PHP-FPM master process, it gets metrics from the PHP-FPM pool status.
- MySQL Metrics – The MySQL global status set of variables can be used by the agent to collect metrics.
- NGINX Metadata – The agent gathers data about NGINX instances such as package data, build information, binary path, build configuration settings, and many more.
- System Metadata – The agent collects data on the operating system, including hostname, uptime, OS flavor, and other details.
Change the Default User Shell in Linux OS - Step by step guide ?
This article covers the different ways to change default user shell in Linux OS. In fact it includes instructions for changing the login shell from the command line using chsh, or changing the shell only for a particular terminal application.
Difference Between LXC, LXD and Docker Containers
This article covers the differences between Docker containers, LXD, and LXC. In fact, You can use any of these containers as per your working environment and the requirements as each container technology has its own advantage and the limitations.
Tree Command in Linux - With Examples ?
This article covers how to use the tree command in Linux. In fact, the tree command lists contents of directories in a tree-like format.
Following is its syntax:
$ tree [OPTIONS] [directory]How to Install Tree Command in Linux ?
The tree command is not available by default in Linux distributions, and can be installed in Debian and RedHat-based distributions with:
$ sudo apt install tree [on Debian, Ubuntu & Mint]
$ sudo yum install tree [on RedHat, CentOS & Fedora]
$ sudo pacman -Sy tree [on Arch and Manjaro Linux]To Verify if it has been installed, run the below command:
$ tree -v
Echo command in Linux - With Examples
This article covers how to use echo command in Linux. In fact, Echo Command is used to display the text that has been passed as argument for the command. Also, it is used as a input for the next command or to send output to a file.
Syntax for using the Echo command in Linux is:
# echo option string
Best 3 Tools to Find and Delete Duplicate Files in Linux
This article covers the different tools to find and delete duplicate files in the linux system. In fact, having duplicate files in the system might create a really big issue.
Enable WordPress Debug for Error Troubleshooting
This article covers the procedure of debugging a WordPress site to enable you easily detect the errors and resolve the issue as soon as possible. In fact, WordPress provides a debug tool to help discover what may be the cause of an error on your website. This tool can display information on your live website. You can then check that log file to determine the cause of the issue you're attempting to resolve.
Install Bpytop Resource Monitoring Tool on CentOS 8 - Step by step guide ?
This article covers how to install Bpytop on the CentOS system. In fact, Bpytop provides a command-line interface to monitor system resources including disk, network, process, and CPU in real-time. Bpytop can be installed on several operating systems including Linux, macOS, and FreeBSD. Now you can start using it to monitor your system's resource usage.
How to Install bpytop on your Linux system ?
1. The best way to install the bpytop is by typing the following command to install or upgrade to the latest version:
$ pip3 install bpytop --upgrade2. On Arch Linux install bytop, Run the pacman commands:
$ sudo pacman -Syu
$ sudo pacman -S bpytop3. On Debian 11, We use the apt command:
$ sudo sh -c 'apt update && apt -y upgrade && apt -y install bpytop'4. For RHEL 8 enable EPEL (see how to enable and use EPEL on CentOS 8) and then type the dnf command:
$ sudo sh -c 'dnf update && dnf install bpytop'5. On FreeBSD install bpytop, Run the pkg command to install bpytop:
$ sudo pkg install bpytop6. On Ubuntu snap installation, Execute the following snap command:
$ sudo snap install bpytop
Use the Jinja2 Template in Ansible - Step by step guide ?
This article covers how to use Jinja2 templating engine to carry out more involved and dynamic file modifications with Ansible. In fact, Jinja2 is a powerful and easy to use python-based templating engine that comes in handy in an IT environment with multiple servers where configurations vary every other time. Creating static configuration files for each of these nodes is tedious and may not be a viable option since it will consume more time and energy.
Linux date command with example usages
This article covers the date command in Linux and showcased some of the command options that you can use to make the most of the command. In fact, Linux date command displays and sets the system date and time. This command also allows users to print the time in different formats and calculate future and past dates.
Monitor Linux performance using sysstat tool
This article covers how to install Linux Sysstat Utilities For Monitoring System Performance. In fact, Sysstat is a powerful monitoring tool for Linux environments.
Basically, Sysstat is actually a collection of utilities designed to collect information about the performance of a Linux installation and record them over time.
Main features of Sysstat:
- Display average statistics values at the end of the reports.
- On-the-fly detection of new devices (disks, network interfaces, etc.) that are created or registered dynamically.
- Support for UP and SMP machines, including machines with hyperthreaded or multi-core processors.
- Support for hotplug CPUs (it detects automagically processors that are disabled or enabled on the fly) and tickless CPUs.
- Works on many different architectures, whether 32- or 64-bit.
- Needs very little CPU time to run (written in C).
- System statistics collected by sar/sadc can be saved in a file for future inspection. You can configure the length of data history to keep. There is no limit for this history length but the available space on your storage device.
- System statistics collected by sar/sadc can be exported in various different formats (CSV, XML, JSON, SVG, etc.). DTD and XML Schema documents are included in sysstat package. JSON output format is also available for mpstat and iostat commands.
- iostat can display statistics for devices managed by drivers in userspace like spdk.
- Smart color output for easier statistics reading.
Different methods of installing Sysstat on any Linux distribution ?
1. Install from RHEL/Fedora/CentOS
Execute:
$ sudo yum install sysstatCentOS and Fedora systems call the collector process using a cron job in /etc/cron.d and it's enabled by default. On recent versions, systemd is used instead of cron. You may need to enable and start the sysstat service:
$ sudo systemctl enable sysstat
$ sudo systemctl start sysstat2. Install from Ubuntu
Execute:
$ sudo apt-get install sysstatThen enable data collecting:
$ sudo vi /etc/default/sysstatchange ENABLED="false" to ENABLED="true"
save the file
Last, restart the sysstat service:
$ sudo service sysstat restart3. Install Sysstat from sources
Clone sysstat public repository with:
$ git clone git://github.com/sysstat/sysstatThen configure sysstat for your system:
$ cd sysstat
$ ./configureYou can set several variables and parameters on the command line. For example you can enter the following option to activate data collecting (either using cron or systemd):
$ ./configure --enable-install-cronEnter ./configure --help to display all possible options.
Finally, Compile and install:
$ make
$ sudo make install
Create a virtual machine in KVM on the command line
This article covers how to create and manage guest virtual machines on KVM from the command-line. In fact, KVM (Kernel based Virtual Machine) is an opensource virtualization technology built for Linux machines. It comprises a kernel module – kvm.ko which provides the core virtualization platform and a processor-specific module ( kvm-intel.ko for Intel processors or kvm-amd.ko for AMD processors ).
How to Install KVM, Qemu, virt-manager & libvirtd daemon ?
To install KVM and associated packages, run the below command:
$ sudo apt install -y qemu qemu-kvm libvirt-daemon libvirt-clients bridge-utils virt-managerThe command installs the following packages:
- qemu-kvm – This is the main KVM package that provides virtualization support.
- libvirt – Includes the libvirtd daemon which supports creation and management of virtual machines.
- libvirt-client – This package provides the virsh utility used for interacting with virtual machines.
- virt-install – A utility that helps you to create virtual machines and install OS on those virtual machines from command line.
- virt-viewer – A utility that displays the graphical view for the virtual machine.
Once installed, we need to confirm if the required kvm modules are loaded. Therefore, run the command:
$ lsmod | grep kvmAdditionally, confirm that the libvirtd daemon is running as follows:
$ sudo systemctl status libvirtd.service
sysctl command in Linux - Explained with examples
This article covers how to use the sysctl command in Linux through examples. In fact, sysctl is used to modify kernel parameters at runtime. The parameters available are those listed under /proc/sys/. Procfs is required for sysctl support in Linux.
rm command in Linux - Explained with examples
This article covers how to use the rm command in Linux. In fact, the rm command is used for removing/deleting files and directories.
How to remove directories using rm command?
If you are trying to remove a directory, then you need to use the -r command line option. Otherwise, rm will throw an error saying what you are trying to delete is a directory:
$ rm -r [dir name]For example:
$ rm -r testdirHow to make rm prompt before every removal ?
If you want rm to prompt before each delete action it performs, then use the -i command line option:
$ rm -i [file or dir]For example, suppose you want to delete a directory 'testdir' and all its contents, but want rm to prompt before every deletion, then here's how you can do that:
$ rm -r -i testdir
man command in Linux - An overview with examples ?
This article covers how to use the man command in Linux. In fact, the man command allows users to view the reference manuals of a command or utility run in the terminal. The man page (short for manual page) includes a command description, applicable options, flags, examples, and other informative sections.
How to Enable Case-Sensitivity using man command ?
To search for manual pages using case-sensitivity, use the -I option. The syntax is:
$ man -I [command name]The man default setting is to ignore case when looking up manual pages. To go back to default settings and ignore case, use the -i option.
How to Use man in Linux ?
In the terminal window, type man followed by the Linux command name which man page you want to see.
The output of the command displays the available man page headings for the specified command.
The list of possible headings includes:
- Name: The name of the command.
- Synopsis: The command's syntax.
- Configuration: Configuration details for a device.
- Description: A description of the command.
- Examples: Several examples demonstrating the use of the command.
- Defaults: The default functions of the command and how they can be overridden.
- Options: A list of options and flags that the command accepts.
- Exit Status: A list of possible exit status values for the command.
- Environment: A list and description of environment variables that affect the command.
- Files: A list of files used by the command.
- See also: Commands related to the described topic.
- Authors: The people who wrote or maintain the command.
- History: Command development history.
- Notes: Various notes, including permissions required, dependencies, etc.
- Bugs: Any known issues in this program version.
Install Dillo Browser on Ubuntu 21.10 Edition - A step by step guide ?
This article covers the installation, launching, and removal of the Dillo browser on Ubuntu 20.10 edition.
How to Uninstall dillo package from Ubuntu Linux system ?
Please follow the steps below to uninstall dillo package:
$ sudo apt remove dillo
$ sudo apt autoclean && sudo apt autoremovetail Command in Linux - With examples
This article covers how to use the tail command in Linux. In fact, The Linux tail command displays data from the end of a file. It can even display updates that are added to a file in real-time. It can also monitor a file and display each new text entry to that file as they occur. This makes it a great tool to monitor log files.
Monitor Network Traffic Using netstat Command in Linux
This article covers how to monitor network traffic using the netstat command. In fact, Netstat is a popular command for everything related to network analysis.
We explored the uses of the netstat command on the Linux system.
To install netstat, run the following on Debian and its derived distributions:
$ sudo apt install net-toolsOn RedHat and its derived distributions, run:
$ yum install net-toolsTo get the network load overview, you can call both netstat and ss with the flag -s. netstat gives the output in more depth, while ss gives a summary of the load:
$ netstat -s
finger Command in Linux - With examples ?
This article covers how to use the finger command in Linux. In fact, the finger command looks up and displays information about system users.
Install HyperTerminal on AlmaLinux/Rocky 8
This article covers the process of installing HyperTerminal on AlmaLinux. In fact, Hyper is an open-source fully extensible web-based, electronic-based terminal built on HTML/CSS/JS. It is an application that connects computers to other remote systems. It is a highly customizable lightweight terminal accessible across all platforms.
For additional help or useful information, we recommend you check the official Hyper website.
diff Command in Linux - With examples
This article covers how to compare two text files by the diff command in Linux. In fact, diff command is used to display the differences in the files by comparing the files line by line. It tells us which lines in one file have is to be changed to make the two files identical.
Install ownCloud on Linux Mint 20
This article covers how you can install ownCloud on your Linux Mint 20 machine and use it for creating and using your own file hosting services that can provide you with the functionality of Dropbox and Google Drive.
Mkdir Command in Linux
This article covers how to use the mkdir command with some examples. In fact, The mkdir command in Linux/Unix allows users to create or make new directories. mkdir stands for "make directory". With mkdir, you can also set permissions, create multiple directories (folders) at once, and much more.
Free Command in Linux
This article covers how to use the free command with some examples. In fact, the free command provides information about unused and used memory and swap space on any computer running Linux or another Unix-like operating system.
For more information about free command type in your terminal:
$ man free
Clear apt-cache on Debian 10
This article covers how to clear the cache created by apt in a completely safe way. It is faster and simpler than manually deleting the cache directory. apt (Advanced Packaging Tool) is the package installation and dependency management tool in Debian and other Debian-based distributions. It works on top of 'Dpkg' which is nothing but the Debian package installer.
The way apt installs packages is: it downloads the package for the required software, and additionally it downloads the packages for all the dependencies for the required software.
Install Grafana on Rocky Linux 8
This article covers how you can add data sources from a myriad of environments and start monitoring your applications with Grafana on your Rocky Linux 8 system. In fact, Grafana is the open source analytics and monitoring solution that enables you to query, visualize and alert on various systems metrics that can be pulled from various time series databases such as Graphite, InfluxDB & Prometheus etc.
Install Grafana on Linux Mint 20
This article covers how you can easily install Grafana on a Linux Mint 20 system. In fact, Grafana is capable of producing extremely fascinating charts and graphs with ability to manage and create your own dashboard for your apps or infrastructure performance monitoring.
Alias Command in Linux - With Examples
This article covers how to create aliases and use the alias command in Linux. In fact, the alias command instructs the shell to replace one string with another when executing commands. Aliases are used to customize the shell session interface. Using alias, frequently-used commands can be invoked using a different, preferred term; and complex or commonly-used options can be used as the defaults for a given command.
Display Asterisks While Typing Sudo Password in Linux (Ubuntu and CentOS Example)
This article covers how to show an asterisk as visual feedback while typing sudo password. Try once on Ubuntu or Centos by doing small changes on the file on /etc/sudoers file.
To Show Asterisks While Typing Sudo Password in Linux, simply edit the /etc/sudoers file and add pwfeedback. This makes the asterisks visible when the password is entered. After the file is edited and saved, we type reset command for the effect to take place.
Install Terminator on Ubuntu 20.04
This article covers how to Install and Use Terminator, the Terminal Multiplexer. In fact, The terminator is similar to the built-in terminal with added features. You can arrange Terminals in a grid, Tab, Drag and drop re-ordering the terminal, use keyword shortcuts, create and save profiles. It is inspired by programs such as gnome-multi-term, quad console, and so on.
For more information about Terminator, visit its documentation.
How to Install terminator on your Linux system ?
For kali Linux:
$ sudo apt-get install terminatorFor Ubuntu:
$ sudo apt install terminatorFor Arch Linux:
$ sudo pacman -S terminatorFor CentOS:
$ sudo yum install terminator
Set / Unset Environment Variables in Linux
This article covers how to set and unset both local and persistent environment variables in Linux. In fact, every time you start a shell session in Linux, the system goes through configuration files and sets up the environment accordingly. Environment variables play a significant role in this process.
Environment variables are a set of key value pairs stored on your Linux and used by processes in order to be able to perform specific operations. with the export command but also by modifying some system files to make them persistent.
How to Set Environment Variables on Linux using export ?
The easiest way to set environment variables is to use the export command:
$ export VAR="value"How to Unset Environment Variables on Linux Using unset command ?
To unset an environment variable, use the unset command with the following syntax:
$ unset <variable>Common Set of Environment Variables on Linux:
- USER : the current username of the user using the system;
- EDITOR : the program run to perform file edits on your host;
- HOME : the home directory of the current user;
- PATH : a colon separated list of directories where the system looks for commands;
- PS1 : the primary prompt string (to define the display of the shell prompt);
- PWD : the current working directory;
- _ : the most recent command executed on the system (by the user)
- MAIL : the path to the current user’s mailbox;
- SHELL : the shell used in order to interpret commands on the system, it can be many different ones (like bash, sh, zsh or others);
- LANG : the language encoding used on the system;
- DESKTOP_SESSION : the current desktop used on your host (GNOME, KDE)
- HISTFILESIZE : number of lines of command history stored in the history file;
- HISTSIZE : number of lines of history allowed in memory;
- UID : the current UID for the user.
Install an SSL Certificate in Tomcat for a Java project in Linux
This article covers how to generate CSR files and install CA signed SSL certificates in Tomcat for Java projects.
The need to create a self-signed certificate ?
- It allows you to learn to create a keystore and certificate, which is good practice for getting an actual SSL/TLS certificate provided by a Certificate Authority.
- It allows you to use a certificate right away and make sure it works successfully.
- It's free.
Working with System Locales in Linux
This article covers how to set a system and view the locale on Linux. In fact, Locale settings usually consist of at least a language code, a country/region code, time / date format, numbers format setting, currency format setting, Color setting, and so on.
To view the information regarding the currently installed locale use the following command on the terminal:
$ locale
For more information, see the locale, update-locale and localectl man pages with the below commands respectively:
$ man locale
$ man update-locale
$ man localectl
Generate CSR (Certificate Signing Request) in Linux ?
This article covers the process of creating a CSR file in any Linyx system which is very necessary before applying for an SSL certificate from a Certificate Authority(CA). In fact, Certificate Signing Request(CSR) is a block encrypted text which is given to Certificate Authority when applying for SSL Certificate. Generation of Certificate Signing Request(CSR) for Secure Sockets Layer(SSL) is common in Linux on various distributions.
CSR is generated on the server, it stores information relating to the organization, domain name, country, a city which is to be included in the certificate. The CSR Certificate can be used on any website whenever it is necessary to encrypt communications. To generate an SSL certificate, CSR certificate has to be generated. To obtain a self-signed SSL Certificate, it is necessary to create CSR, after generating submit it to a certificate authority to acquire an SSL Certificate.
Best 4 Open-Source Remote Desktop Tools for Linux
This article covers the best remote desktop tools for accessing Linux systems remotely. These are the best 4 RDP clients or tools that ensure optimal performance and provide seamless access to Linux-based computer systems. The 4 best RDP tools are Zoho Assist, Remmina, TigerVNC, and XRDP.
Enable Snap on Rocky Linux / AlmaLinux
This article covers how you can install and enable snap of your Rocky Linux system. In fact, Snap are packages that are developed to install on Linux systems regardless of what the Linux distribution flavor is. Therefore, it doesn't matter whether you are on Ubuntu, Debian Rocky Linux, Centos, OpenSUSE, etc.
How to install Snap-Store ?
In case you are using the Graphical user interface of Rocky Linux then we can also install Snap store GUI on it to install its packages using the graphical interface rather command line:
$ sudo snap install snap-store
$ rebootWith the completion of the above installation, go to Applications and search for Snap Store. When its icon appears, click to run it.
Install and Use GNOME Shell Extensions in Linux
This article covers how you can use the basic / limited functionalities provided by the built-in extensions or use the additional extensions provided by the GNOME official site to amp up your desktop game. Or you can set your extension manually by their downloaded packages. It all depends on your preferences. In fact, GNOME shell extensions are useful in desktop environment customization, but their usability is dependent on its user.
Batch Process Images Using Converseen in Ubuntu 20.04 Linux system
This article covers all about Batch processing using Converseen. In fact, Converseen is an open source software for batch image conversion. With this tool, you can convert multiple images to another format, resize, change their aspect ratio, rotate or flip them all at once.
Now you can edit and convert all your images with just a few clicks.
How to Install Converseen on Linux ?
1. On Debian and Ubuntu-based distributions, use:
$ sudo apt install converseen2. On Fedora, use:
$ sudo dnf install converseen3. On Arch and Manjaro, use:
$ sudo pacman -Sy converseen
Install Yay AUR Helper in ArchLinux
This article covers how Yay AUR helper works and to easily install and manage software applications. In fact, Yay is an Aur helper which is Written in the Golang Go language and was developed with minimal dependencies and minimal user input. It performs just as well as Pacman and has an interactive search/install functionality. Also, It allows you to TAB complete, download PKGBUILDs from AUR or ABS, and locates matching package providers during a search operation.
Install Audacity on Linux Mint 20
This article covers how to install Audacity on your Linux Mint 20 system. In fact, Audacity is a very powerful and popular editing application that can be very useful when manipulating audio files. With the help of this useful tool, you will not only be able to record your audios but will also be able to edit them very efficiently.
How to Install Audacity via Snap Store and Launch on Linux ?
1. Perform system update:
$ sudo apt update2. Install Snapd:
$ sudo apt install snapd3. Install Audacity:
$ sudo snap install audacity4. Once Audacity has been installed via Snap, run the Audacity application by searching for the term 'audacity' in the Application menu.
5. Click the Audacity icon to open Audacity.
500 Internal Server Error - Step by step fix ?
This article covers what 500 Internal Server Error and different ways to fix it. In fact, "500 Internal Server Error" simply indicates that an error has occurred during connection to the server and that the requested page cannot be accessed.
What does 500 internal server error mean?
The HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) 500 Internal Server Error response code represents that the server is unable to fulfill a particular request that was made by a user at the frontend of the website.
How do I fix internal server error?
The best and quick ways to fix the internal server errors are:
- Try reloading your web pages. Do it with F2 or Ctrl+F5
- Clear cache of your browsers.
- Delete all browser cookies.
503 Service Unavailable Error - Step by Step fix ?
This article covers what 503 Service Unavailable Error and different ways to fix it. In fact, A 503 Service Unavailable Error happens when a web server is temporarily unable to handle a request that’s been made of it.
Install and Use FFmpeg on Debian 11
This article covers how to install and use the FFmpeg multimedia framework on Debian 11 bullseye distribution. In fact, FFmpeg is a cross-platform solution for streaming audio and video as well as recording and conversion. With FFmpeg, you can convert between various video and audio formats, set sample rates, capture streaming audio/video, and resize videos.
How to Install FFmpeg on Debian ?
1. Log in to SSH and Update Debian package lists:
$ sudo apt update2. Install FFmpeg with the apt package manager:
$ sudo apt install ffmpeg3. Check the installed FFmpeg version:
$ ffmpeg -version
Install Volatility on Linux Mint 20
This article covers to install Volatility on your Linux Mint 20 system via a step by step guide. In fact, Volatility is a powerful tool used for analyzing memory dumps on Linux, Mac, and Windows systems.
Hardlink and Softlink in Linux – How it works with Examples
This article covers how both hard links and soft links also known as symbolic links works in a Linux system. In fact, Soft links, also called symbolic links, are files that points to other files on the filesystem while Hard links to a file are instances of the file under a different name on the filesystem.
What are inodes?
Inodes are essentially identification cards for your file. They contain the file metadata, the file permissions, the file type, the file size but most importantly the physical address of this file on the disk.
Install SlimJet Browser on Ubuntu 20.04
This article covers how to install, run, and remove a fantastic, graphical user interface-based browser for Ubuntu 20.04 LTS terminal. In fact, SlimJet is a privacy-focused browser and comes with a built-in adblocker. This means that it DOES NOT send any usage statistics back to Google’s server like Google Chrome which is ultimate for privacy.
To Install Slimjet on Debian, Ubuntu & Mint, run the below commands respectively:
[For 64-bit DEB based systems]
$ wget http://www.slimjet.com/release/archive/8.0.4.0/slimjet_amd64.deb
$ sudo dpkg -i slimjet_amd64.deb[For 32-bit DEB based systems]
$ wget http://www.slimjet.com/release/archive/8.0.4.0/slimjet_i386.deb
$ sudo dpkg -i slimjet_i386.deb
Install Lynx Browser on Ubuntu 20.04
This article covers how to install, run, and remove the oldest terminal-based browser Lynx for Ubuntu 20.04 LTS terminal. In fact, Lynx is a terminal-based web browser for all Linux distributions which shows the result as plain text on the terminal.
Install Links Browser on Ubuntu 20.04
This article covers how to install, run, and remove the Links browser for Ubuntu 20.04 LTS terminal. In fact, Links provides a pull-down menu system, renders complex pages, has partial HTML 4.0 support (including tables, frames and support for multiple character sets and UTF-8), supports color and monochrome terminals and allows horizontal scrolling.
How To Install links on Ubuntu ?
1. Update system:
$ sudo apt-get update2. Install links:
Ater updating the OS run following command to install the package:
$ sudo apt-get install links
Install Elinks on Ubuntu 20.04
This article covers how to install, run, and remove Elinks browser on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. In fact, Elinks runs in the terminal. Not only it saves bandwidth but also consumes a few system resources. On a server where resources are always constrained, elinks can be the best choice to access the web.
Step by step installation of elinks:
1: Update system:
$ sudo apt-get update2: Install: elinks
Ater updating the OS run following command to install the package:
$ sudo apt-get install elinksHow to Completely remove elinks with all configuration files from Ubuntu?
Following command should be used with care as it deletes all the configuration files and data:
$ sudo apt-get purge elinksor you can use following command also:
$ sudo apt-get purge --auto-remove elinksAbove command will remove all the configuration files and data associated with elinks package. You can can't recover the delete data, so, use this command with care.
Install Browsh on Ubuntu 20.04
This article covers how to download, install and remove Browsh on your Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. In fact, Browsh is a free and open source text based command line web browser for Linux,BSD and Windows which supports HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, and video, photos and WebGL content.
Install MiddleMan on Ubuntu 20.04
This article covers the installation of ruby, middleman, and related gems on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Linux system. In fact, Middleman is a Ruby-powered static site generator which follows an easy-first approach to building static sites. It has powerful features for maintaining static blogs, like easy tag generation, quick commands for listing categorized articles and pagination.
You can install Middleman with Ruby using this command:
$ gem install middleman
Linux vmstat Command
This article covers how to use the vmstat command in Linux. In fact, vmstat command in Linux/Unix is a performance monitoring command of the system as it gives the information about processes, memory, paging, block IO, disk, and CPU scheduling. All these functionalities makes the command vmstat also known as virtual memory statistic reporter.
Linux su Command - With Examples
This article covers how to use the su command in Linux and the difference between su and sudo. In fact, the su command changes the current user ID to that of the superuser, or another specified user.
su command syntax is:
su [options] [username]If no username is specified, su defaults to becoming the superuser (root).
options to use with the su command:
- Username – Replace username with the actual username you want to log in with. This can be any user, not just root.
- –c or –command [command] – Runs a specific command as the specified user.
- – or –l or –login [username] – Runs a login script to change to a specific username. You’ll need to enter a password for that user.
- –s or –shell [shell] – Allows you to specify a different shell environment to run in.
- –h or –help – Show the help file for the su command.
- –p or ––preserve–environment – Preserve the shell environment (HOME, SHELL, USER, LOGNAME).
How to enable the Root User in Ubuntu ?
To enable the root user account on Ubuntu, use the following command to set a password for it. Bear in mind that Ubuntu recommends against this:
$ sudo passwd rootSudo will prompt you for your current user account's password before you can set a new password. Use your new password to log in as root from a terminal login prompt or with the su command. You should never run a full graphical environment as the root user – this is a very poor security practice, and many programs will refuse to work.
Install NetHogs on Linux Mint 20 - Follow these steps ?
This article covers how to install the NetHogs network bandwidth monitoring utility very easily on your Linux Mint 20 system. In fact, you will be able to get the network bandwidth usage in real-time very efficiently without any sort of hassle.
Extract Files to a Specified Folder in Linux
This article covers the process of extracting compressed files to a specific directory in Linux.
To Unzip files in particular directory or folder under Linux, run the command:
$ unzip {.zip-file-name}-d {/path/to/extract}
iftop Command in Ubuntu Linux system - With Examples ?
This article covers how to use IFTOP utility in Linux. In fact, iftop is a network analyzing tool used by system administrators to view the bandwidth related stats. It basically acts as a diagnostics to diagnose which program is causing the problem to the network.
How to Install iftop command on Linux system ?
1. For RedHat based Linux:
$ yum install epel-release
$ yum install iftop2. For Debian or Ubuntu Linux:
$ sudo apt install iftop
Install HexChat on Debian - The easiest method ?
This article covers how to install and remove HexChat 10 buster edition. In fact, HexChat is a nice chatting utility to connect with IRC servers.
Installing hexchat package on Ubuntu is as easy as running the following commands on terminal:
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install hexchatHow to Install HexChat in Linux ?
Run the below command as per your Linux distribution:
$ sudo apt install hexchat [On Debian/Ubuntu & Mint]
$ sudo yum install hexchat [On CentOS/RHEL 7]
$ sudo dnf install hexchat [On CentOS/RHEL 8 & Fedora]
$ sudo yay -S hexchat [On Arch Linux]
$ sudo zypper install hexchat [On OpenSUSE Linux]
$ sudo pkg install hexchat [On FreeBSD]
Reading a File with Spaces in Linux - How it Works ?
This article covers how you can read files and also handle directories with filenames that contain spaces in Linux. To to use files with spaces you can either use the escape character or use the double quotes. is called escape character, used to not expansion of space, so now bash read the space as part of file name.
How to Navigate to a directory with spaces in the directory name ?
To navigate to a directory with spaces in its directory name, use the syntax below:
$ cd directory\ nameTo navigate to the directory 'linoxapt files' execute the command below:
$ cd linoxapt\ files
HTTrack Advanced Configurations on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
This article covers every aspect of HTTrack settings. In fact, WebHTTrack backs up complete websites for offline access and modifies the links automatically. Despite ubiquitous Internet access, users often have good reason to create offline copies of websites – be it for archiving or to provide the content on your intranet. However, manual mirroring can be time-consuming and cumbersome. Tools like WebHTTrack can help, and they allow convenient updating of the content. Now you are ready to mirror any website using HTTrack on Ubuntu 20.04 Linux distribution.
Install Alpine email client on Debian 10 - Follow these steps ?
This article covers how to install, run, and remove Alpine on Debian 10, which is an amazing email client full of features to run in the terminal forever. In fact, Alpine is a CLI email client for BSD and GNU/Linux.
How to install Alpine on Linux ?
For EL7:
$ sudo yum -y install alpineFor Fedora:
$ sudo dnf -y install aplineFor Debian & Ubuntu & derivatives:
$ sudo apt -y install alpine
Install w3m Browser on Ubuntu 20.04 - Easy steps to follow ?
This article covers how to install, run, and remove a fantastic, multi-color, and terminal-based browser w3m for Ubuntu 20.04 LTS terminal. In fact, If you're looking for text-based web browser To use it from the terminal and Lynx does not convince you, W3M can be a good alternative. This is a modern text-based terminal web browser for Gnu / Linux it has a lot to offer.
Install phpMyAdmin on AlmaLinux / CentOS 8 - Follow the steps outlined here ?
This article covers the installation and configuration procedure of phpMyAdmin on CentOS 8 / AlmaLinux 8. It is one of the most popular database administration tools used by hosting companies and system administrators for performing database activities such as creating, deleting, querying tables, columns, relations, indexes, users, permissions, etc. Now, you can create and manage all the databases conveniently without the need of running SQL queries.
Install Yarn on Rocky Linux 8 / AlmaLinux 8 - Best method ?
This article covers the process of installing Yarn on Rocky Linux system. In fact, Yarn is a tool for managing, updating, and sharing your Java code. Yarn works through node.js helping to track libraries, dependencies, and even enables you to share solutions with other developers.
Linux Server Hardening – Best practices to apply ?
This article covers some best practices to harden Linux systems. In fact, Securing your Linux server(s) is a difficult and time consuming task for System Administrators but its necessary to harden the server’s security to keep it safe from Attackers and Black Hat Hackers. You can secure your server by configuring the system properly and installing as minimum software as possible.
Rsync and BTRFS in Linux - Their differences ?
This article covers how Rsync and BTRFS differ from each other. In fact, the really main difference is that RSYNC can create snapshots on an external disks. Not the same BTRFS. So, if your need is to prevent an unrecoverable crash of your hard disk, you must use RSYNC. After that using a live boot media (pendrive or DVD) you can install on the live boot media Timeshift and the restore your system from the external disk.
Top 5 Visual Studio Code Extensions for Linux Users
This article covers a variety of extensions for Linux users. The features that Visual Studio Code includes out-of-the-box are just the start. VS Code extensions let you add languages, debuggers, and tools to your installation to support your development workflow. VS Code's rich extensibility model lets extension authors plug directly into the VS Code UI and contribute functionality through the same APIs used by VS Code.
Install PostgreSQL 13 on Debian 11 - A step by step guide ?
This article covers a step-by-step procedure of installing PostgreSQL 13 on Debian 11 Bulls-Eye. In fact, PostgreSQL is an open source, powerful, resilient and fault tolerant relational database management system powering many mission critical applications.
Features of PostgreSQL 13 includes:
- Improvements from de-duplication of B-tree index entries – Space savings and performance gains from.
- Queries that use aggregates or partitioned tables gets improved performance.
- Incremental sorting.
- Better query planning when using extended statistics.
- Parallelized vacuuming of indexes.
Linux chage Command - An overview with examples ?
This article covers how to use the chage command in Linux. In fact, With the help of chage command we can view the aging information of an account, date when the password was previously changed, set the password changing time, lock an account after certain amount of time etc
To get the details of the password aging information use the "chage" utility with this add the option -l to display all the details
chage command Syntax is given below:
# chage -l <username>
Linux pwd Command - An overview with examples
This article covers how to use the pwd command in Linux. In fact, pwd Linux command is mainly used for printing the name of the current working directory. Examples of printing the current working directory, avoiding symlinks and how to get the current working directory in shell scripts.
Install Stacer System Optimizer & Monitoring Tool on Ubuntu 20.04 - Best Method ?
This article covers the different ways and steps to perform the installation of Stacer on Ubuntu Linux system. In fact, Stacer lets you perform several Linux optimization and monitoring tasks through a single utility. Now you can manage and monitor your system easily and efficiently using a graphical tool.
To install the latest version of Stacer in Debian and Ubuntu-based Linux distributions, use the following PPA y running the commands:
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:oguzhaninan/stacer
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install stacer
Allow Remote Connections to MySQL - Best Method ?
This article covers how to allow remote connections to a MySQL server. Hosting databases and web servers on a separate database server can improve security, hardware performance, and enable you to scale resources quickly.
One of the most frequently observed database bottlenecks encountered by large projects is high MySQL traffic. Sure, we could talk about moving to a bigger cloud instance size, faster cores, and better storage, but that’s too obvious and costly. Instead, we would like to focus on several tips that can reduce traffic with a bit of configuration.
Methods to reduce Internet traffic when connecting to the remote host:
- Disable and/or optimize the high-load features of your application.
- Use ProxySQL to enable connection pooling. This will prevent your application from overloading MySQL with a multitude of concurrent connections. Another nice feature of ProxySQL helps cache query results for a certain period of time.
- Monitor your databases for performance bottlenecks.
- Identify and optimize queries that cause high load. If you use dbForge Studio for MySQL, you get a specialized tool—Query Profiler—which helps you deal with this task easily.
- Add missing indexes and eliminate redundant and unused ones.
- Conduct a thorough check of your background operations. Some of them can be postponed, some may work just as effectively with limited resources (e.g. limited concurrencies for batch jobs), and some may be perfectly running on replicas.
Configure Nginx Server Block and Secure Nginx with Let's Encrypt SSL on Rocky Linux 8 / CentOS 8
This article covers how you can configure an Nginx server block and secure your web server using Let's Encrypt SSL. In fact, Let’s Encrypt SSL certificate is a digital certificate provided by Let’s Encrypt CA ( Certificate Authority) to secure a web server.
How to Install Certbot on your RHEL-based distros / Linux system ?
1. First, install the EPEL repository which provides additional and high-quality packages for RHEL-based distros:
$ sudo dnf install -y epel-release2. Once installed, install certbot and certbot module for Nginx:
$ sudo dnf install certbot python3-certbot-nginxThis installs certbot, certbot module for Nginx host of other packages and dependencies.
Check your HDD / SSD Health in Ubuntu 20.04 - The best way ?
This article covers the different ways to check the health of your Hard Disk Drives and Solid-State Drives. In fact, SMART (Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology) is a feature enabled in all modern hard disk drives and SSDs to monitor/test reliability. It checks different drive attributes to detect the possibility of drive failure.
What is the need to check Linux system SSD and HDD drives ?
If you are a system administrator and responsible for managing Linux systems in Datacenter. Then, it is recommended to check the health of the SSD and HDD drives regularly. It will help you to identify failed drives and they can be replaced before any data loss occurs. S.M.A.R.T is a tool used to monitor the health status of SSD and HDD. It also allows you to perform on-demand tests on the drive.
How to Test SSD Health using Smartctl ?
Smartctl is a command-line utility tool that can be used to check S.M.A.R.T-enabled HDD or SSD status in the Linux system.
Smartctl utility tool comes with the package smartmontools. Smartmontools is available by default in all Linux distributions including Ubuntu, RHEL and Centos and Fedora.
To install smartmontools in Linux, run the below command:
$ sudo apt install smartmontools To Start Smartmontools service, execute the below command:
$ sudo /etc/init.d/smartmontools startSmartd service will start automatically after the successful installation.
If not started, start smartd service:
$ sudo systemctl start smartd
Top 5 Free and Open-Source HR Software
This article covers the best open source HR management software tools for you. They are effective and useful for small and medium businesses to efficiently manage their human resources.
Businesses are struggling to recruit good and qualified personnel, and to retain them in their service over a substantial period, the above HR management software tools can help to ease the burden of HR managers in businesses.
The listed HR software are OrangeHRM, Sentrifugo, IceHRM, Orange HRM and WaypointHR. Software such as WaypointHR and IceHRM will have to be downloaded from third-party software providers, such as SourceForge.
Set Up Passwordless SSH Login Using ssh-keygen - How to do it ?
This article covers how to enable ssh passwordless login using ssh-keygen and ssh-copy-id. In fact, SSH (Secure SHELL) can be used to transfer files from one computer to another computer over the network using a secure copy (SCP) Protocol.
ssh-keygen creates the public and private keys. ssh-copy-id copies the local-host's public key to the remote-host's authorized_keys file. ssh-copy-id also assigns proper permission to the remote-host's home, ~/.ssh, and ~/.ssh/authorized_keys.
Encrypt Apache Webserver with Let's Encrypt SSL Certificate on Rocky Linux 8 - How to do it ?
This article covers how to secure your Apache webserver with Let's Encrypt SSL certificate. In fact, Let's Encrypt SSL certificates are yet another option for securing your web site with an SSL. Once installed, the system provides automatic renewal of certificates and will encrypt traffic to your web site.
Install Bitwarden on Linux Mint 20 - Follow these steps ?
This article covers the best method to install the Bitwarden password manager on your Linux Mint 20 system. In fact, Bitwarden stores all of your logins in an encrypted vault that syncs across all of your devices. Since it’s fully encrypted before it ever leaves your device, only you have access to your data. Not even the team at Bitwarden can read your data, even if we wanted to.
Best Open Sources Shells in Linux
This article covers the most popular shells among Linux users. In fact, Shell is an environment in which we can run our commands, programs, and shell scripts. There are different flavors of a shell, just as there are different flavors of operating systems. Each flavor of shell has its own set of recognized commands and functions. As Linux is flexible we can switch between shells easily without any additional configuration.
What is a Shell Prompt in Linux ?
The prompt, $, which is called the command prompt, is issued by the shell. While the prompt is displayed, you can type a command.
Shell reads your input after you press Enter. It determines the command you want executed by looking at the first word of your input. A word is an unbroken set of characters. Spaces and tabs separate words.
Following is a simple example of the date command, which displays the current date and time:
$date
Thu Jun 25 08:30:19 MST 2021Functions of Linux kernel:
- Controls all computer operations.
- Coordinates all executing utilities.
- Ensures that executing utilities do not interfere with each other or consume all system resources.
- Schedules and manages all system processes.
Install and Configure Fail2ban on Ubuntu 20.04 - Do it this way ?
This article covers how to install Fail2ban and protect SSH from illegitimate attempts. For webmasters or anyone managing Linux server that is accessible over the Internet, the risks of the server being compromised is high, so implementing best security practices to help mitigate these attacks should be a priority. In fact, Fail2ban is a tool that help protect Linux servers from brute force and other automated attacks by monitoring the services logs for malicious activity. It uses regular expressions to scan the server's logs for malicious attempts and bans offending IPs for a specific length of time using the system's firewall.
How to Install Fail2ban on any Linux system ?
Fail2ban packages are automatically included in Ubuntu repositories. To install it, simply run the commands below:
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install fail2banOnce the installation is complete, the service should automatically start up and ready to be configured.
To check if the service is up and operational, run the commands below:
$ sudo systemctl status fail2ban
Install Steam on CentOS 8 - Follow this guide ?
This article covers the installation procedure of the Steam application on CentOS using the Flatpak package management tool.
Upgrade Debian 10 Buster to Debian 11 Bullseye - Step by Step guide ?
This article covers a step by step guide on how to perform upgrade from Debian 10 Buster to Debian 11 Bullseye. Before this upgrade, it is crucial that you make a backup of your data and system configurations. For cloud-based VMs one can quickly backup and restore using snapshots.
The most important things you have to backup are contents of /etc, /var/lib/dpkg, /var/lib/apt/extended_states and the output of dpkg –get-selections "*".
Debian 11 comes with the following features:
- Newer version of desktop environments such as Gnome 3.38, KDE Plasma 5.20, MATE 1.24, Xfce 4.16, LXDE 11, LXQt 0.16 e.t.c
- Linux Kernel 5.10LTS
- ExFAT support
- Package updates
- Printer and Scanner improvement
- Supports many architectures such as 32-bit and 64-bit PC, 64-bit ARM, ARMv7, ARM EABI, little-endian MIPS, 64-bit little-endian PowerPC, 64-bit little-endian MIPS, IBM System z e.t.c thus referred to as a universal operating system
Best tools to backup Linux system data and configurations:
- Rsync– a commandline utility tool used to backup personal and $ Home directory data
- Deja Dup– a GUI utility used to backup personal data.
- Timeshift– a tool used to backup system files and configurations.
- Restic– a commandline utility toolthat saves multiple revisions of files in an encrypted repository stored on different backends.
- Rsnapshot– this is a commandline utility tools that creates periodic snapshots for local and remote machines over ssh.
- Other tools include: Barman, BackupPC, Bup, Lsyncd, Bareos, Bacula, Duplicati, Borg e.t.c
List Tables in a MySQL Database - Best Methods ?
This article covers how to get information of the tables in the MySQL database. The following illustrates the syntax of the MySQL SHOW TABLES command:
SHOW TABLES;
Install Shotcut on Linux Mint 20 - The complete guide ?
This article covers the installation of Shotcut on a Linux Mint 20 system with the help of the Flatpak package manager. In fact, Shotcut is a Free, Open Source, Cross-Platform Video Editor.
Install Sonar on Linux Mint 20 - The complete guide ?
This article covers the complete Installation procedure of Sonar on Linux Mint system. In fact, Sonar is a Docker utility to manager image and tag information from Docker Hub. Basically, It can display information on Docker images, tags, and layers including the packages installed in those images.
Install Bitwarden on Ubuntu 20.04 - A complete guide ?
This article covers how to install and setup free version of Bitwarden for individual use. Now start saving your passwords and other confidential information in your Bitwarden vault. Using Bitwarden you can easily and safely generate, store, and secure unique passwords from any location or device. It is compliant with Privacy Shield, HIPAA, GDPR, CCPA, SOC2 and SOC3 security standards and comes with AES-256 bit encryption, salted hashing, and PBKDF2 SHA-256.
How to Install Bitwarden via Snap ?
1. Open the terminal app (ctrl+alt+t) and run below Bitwarden password manager snap installation command:
$ sudo snap install bitwarden2. After the installation you can open Bitwarden from the application menu or via this command.
$ bitwarden3. It also comes with a command-line support. You can install the Bitwarden command-line cli app via the below command.
$ sudo snap install bw
Install Pandoc on Linux Mint 20 - Complete Procedure ?
This article covers the installation procedure of Pandoc on a Linux Mint 20 machine. This tool can be utilized to design a wide range of different documents.
To check Pandoc Version, simply run the below command:
$ pandoc -vTo Update System and Install Pandoc, simply run the following command:
$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install pandoc
Install OwnCloud on Rocky Linux 8 - A step by step guide ?
This article covers how to successfully install OwnCloud on Rocky Linux 8. In fact, OwnCloud is an open source project that can be installed on your server to securely store and access files. Also allows you to share and collaborate contents that lets teams work on data easily from anywhere, on any device. With the support of a lot of plugins, Nextcloud becomes such a Collaboration software. You can install plugins for project management, video conferencing, collaborative editing, note-taking, email client, etc.
To Open port 80 in firewall, use the following command:
$ firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent
$ firewall-cmd --reloadHow to Install Apache or httpd web server on the Rocky Linux server ?
1. Simply Execute the dnf command below to install the httpd web server:
$ sudo dnf install httpdType "y" and press "Enter" to confirm and install httpd packages.
2. Now, enable and start the httpd service using the following command:
$ sudo systemctl enable httpd
$ sudo systemctl start httpdThe "systemctl enable" command will enable the service to start at every boot.
3. Finally, run the command below to verify the httpd service:
$ sudo systemctl status httpd
Install GParted on Linux Mint 20 - A step by step guide ?
This article covers methods to install GParted on a Linux Mint 20 system. In fact, GParted is an open-source GUI-based disk partition editor originally developed for Linux GNOME Desktop. It allows you to create, resize, copy and paste, move, and repair disk partitions using easy-to-use GUI. Also it supports many filesystems including btrfs, ext2/ext3/ext4, fat16/fat32, lvm2, ntfs and xfs, and a variety of storage devices such as SATA/IDE/SCSI, Flash memory, SSD and RAID.
How to Install Gparted on Debian, Ubuntu or Linux Mint ?
Gparted is part of the base repositories on Debian-based Linux, so apt-get will do the job:
$ sudo apt-get install gparted
GParted enables you to easily manage your disk partitions:
- Create partition tables, (e.g., msdos or gpt).
- Create, move, copy, resize, check, label, set new UUID, and delete partitions.
- Enable and disable partition flags, (e.g., boot or hidden).
- Align partitions to mebibyte (MiB) or traditional cylinder boundaries.
- Attempt data rescue from lost partitions.
Install Juju on Ubuntu 20.04 - Step by step process ?
This article covers the Installation procedure of Juju client on the Linux system Ubuntu 20.04. In fact, Juju is a service-modeling tool for Ubuntu. Connect it to any cloud service, model your application, and press deploy—done. Juju takes care of lower-level configuration, deployments, and scaling, and even monitors your services.
Juju Components includes:
- Charmed Operator Lifecycle Manager – This is an Orchestration and management system.
- Charmed Operator Software Development Kit – This is a set of tools for creating and packaging operators.
- Juju as a Service(jaas) – Managed juju service by canonical for enterprise customers.
- Charmhub – This is a repository hosting re-usable charms
What is Localhost ?
This article covers what localhost is as well as 127.0.0.1/loopback. In fact, Developers use the localhost to test web applications and programs. Network administrators use the loopback to test network connections. Another use for the localhost is the hosts file, where you can use the loopback to block malicious websites.
Install "exa" on Linux Mint 20 - Best Method ?
This article covers how to install "exa" on your system and use it as a replacement for the "ls" command in Linux Mint 20. In fact, exa is a modern replacement for the venerable file-listing command-line program ls that ships with Unix and Linux operating systems, giving it more features and better defaults. It uses colours to distinguish file types and metadata. It knows about symlinks, extended attributes, and Git. And it’s small, fast, and just one single binary. Using this modern tool will simply allow you to visualize your files and directories in Linux in a much better way.
Install bpytop on Linux Mint 20 - Complete guide ?
This article covers how to install bpytop tool on a Linux Mint 20 system. In fact, BpyTop is a Linux command-line utility for resource monitoring. It shows usage and stats for processors, memory, disks, network, and processes. With this tool installed on your system, you can use it very efficiently for resource usage monitoring.
To check the version of Python running on your Linux distribution, type:
$ python3 --versionAfter installing Bpytop, you can start monitoring your Linux system resources by running the command below:
$ bpytop
Install GlassFish on CentOS 8 - A step by Step guide ?
This article covers how to install the GlassFish application server on CentOS 8. In fact, GlassFish allows developers to create enterprise applications that are portable and scalable, and that integrate with legacy technologies. Also, you will see the best way to define systemd services for running Glassfish server and firewall configurations.
To Start and enable glassfish services, simply run the below command:
$ systemctl start glassfish.service
$ systemctl enable glassfish.serviceTo access Glassfish Server on CentOS / RHEL 8, simply browse the below URL to access Glassfish Admin Console, ignore the certificate warning or install it:
https://SERVER-IP-OR-DOMAIN-NAME:4848/
LDD Command in Linux - How it works ?
This article covers how to use ldd command and how to use in linux command line. In fact, the ldd is a command line tool that prints the shared library dependencies of an executable program or shared library. The ldd command can be useful when wanted to find missing dependencies.
List Loaded Kernel Module Using Lsmod Command - How it works ?
This article covers how to list loaded kernel modules using lsmod command. In fact, lsmod command nicely prints the contents of the /proc/modules. To list the currently loaded kernel modules, execute the below command:
$ lsmod
Install Juju on Linux Mint 20 - Step by step procedure ?
This article covers how you can install Juju on any Linux distribution. In fact, the Juju client is a single binary executable that is published and supported on multiple operating systems and CPU architectures.
To Install Juju on Linux from snap, run the below command:
$ sudo snap install juju --classicTo Install Juju on macOS, run the below command:
$ brew install juju
Install the Antstream Arcade on Linux Mint 20 - A step by step guide ?
This article covers a step by step guide on how to install the Antstream Arcade on a Linux Mint 20 machine. Antstream Arcade is a game streaming service that lets you play arcade, Amiga, Commodore 64, and Spectrum ZX games over the internet, and might hold real appeal to Gen X gamers.
To install Antstream Arcade on Linux Mint, do the following;
1. Enable snapd
On Linux Mint 20, /etc/apt/preferences.d/nosnap.pref needs to be removed before Snap can be installed. This can be accomplished from the command line:
$ sudo rm /etc/apt/preferences.d/nosnap.pref
$ sudo apt update2. snapd can be installed from the command line:
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install snapd3. To install Antstream Arcade, simply use the following command:
$ sudo snap install antstream-arcade
Install Ruby on CentOS 8 - A step by step guide ?
This article covers steps to Install Ruby and run ruby applications on your centos 8 machine. In fact, Ruby is a dynamic, object-oriented programming language focused on simplicity and productivity. RVM (Ruby Version Manager) is a tool for installing and managing multiple Ruby versions on single operating systems.
To Verify Active Ruby Version installed on your Linux system, run the below command:
$ ruby --version
Install Gparted on Ubuntu 20.04 - A step by step guide ?
This article covers how to install the Gparted partition editor on Ubuntu 20.04 system. GParted is a free partition editor that permits you to manage your partitions graphically. GParted allows you to copy, resize and move partitions without losing data.
Main features of GParted includes:
- Shrink or increase your C: drive
- Make room for new operating systems to be installed.
- Perform actions on partitions such as creating, deleting, resizing, and moving, checking, copying, pasting, and labeling.
- Tries to recover data from deleted partitions.
- You can also manipulate file systems such as: btrfsm, xfs, exfat, nilfs2, reiserfs / reiser4, lvm2 pv, hfs / hfs+, fat16 / fat32, ext2 / ext3 / ext4, ufs, udf, ntfs, linux-swap.
How To install GParted on Ubuntu ?
1. Open the terminal by pressing 'CTRL+ALT+T' or search it manually in the activities and update the packages list:
$ sudo apt update2. Execute the following command to install GParted on your system:
$ sudo apt install gparted
Deploy Mattermost on Ubuntu 20.04 - A Step by step guide ?
This article covers how to deploy Mattermost on Ubuntu 20.04. Mattermost is an open source collaboration and messaging platform created with security and configurability in mind providing comparable functionality to Discord or Slack. It offers group, threaded and one-to-one messaging, unlimited search history and file sharing capabilities, two-factor authorization and notifications. Mattermost also provides webhooks and bot integration for further customization. It's accessible from every type of modern device due to its responsive web interface and dedicated mobile apps.
Now, you can easily connect with your team on Mattermost using a Desktop client. Even you can add multiple Mattermost servers to single desktop client and collaborate with different team users.
Install Apache Maven on Rocky Linux / CentOS 8 - Follow the steps here ?
This article covers how to install Apache Maven on Rocky Linux. You can now visit the Apache Maven Documentation page to learn how you can get started with managing Java projects with Apache Maven. In fact, Apache Maven Maven is a build automation tool used primarily for Java-based projects, but can also be used to build and manage projects written in C#, Ruby, Scala, and other languages.
Perform Post Deployment Verification in Linux System - How to do it ?
This article covers how to avoid bad circumstances while directly working with Linux servers where a single careless change can take the system down. If you follow the above checklists and fully examine your tests then you will be able to conduct better post-deployment verifications.
Install Timeshift on Debian 10 - Step by Step Procedure ?
This article covers how to install Timeshift on Debian 10 from its stable repositories. Timeshift brings the System Restore feature in Windows or the Time Machine tool in macOS to Linux.
How to Restore Ubuntu, Debian & Linux Mint from Snapshot using Timeshift ?
- To revert your system to Snapshot state, select the Snapshot you want to restore to and click the "Restore" tab on the top menu.
- This will ask you to "Select target device" and options for /boot and /home.
- Timeshift will Perform Dry run before doing the actual restore.
- Confirm Actions to initiate Snapshot restore process.
- Timeshift will start to sync Snapshot files to the root filesystem.
- The system should reboot after the process is completed.
Configure Timeshift on Linux Mint - How to get it done ?
This article covers how to perform backing up and restoring a Linux Mint system using the timeshift tool to ensure that your Linux system data is fully secure with daily, weekly, and monthly backups schedule. In fact, Timeshift is a backup and system restoration utility for Linux operating systems similar to the System Restore feature in Windows operating system. This tool protects the system by taking incremental snapshots of a filesystem at regular intervals.
Install Jupyter Notebook on Ubuntu 20.04 - A step by Step guide ?
This article covers how to install the Jupyter Notebook web application on Ubuntu 20.04. In fact, Jupyter Notebook is easy to install and can be used to streamline numerical simulation, data transformation & cleaning, machine learning, and statistical modeling.
To install Pip, Python, and Python development, simply run the below command:
$ sudo apt-get -y install python3python-pip python-dev
The command above will install the most recent version of Python and Python Pip; a reliable Python package manager that makes it easy to manage the Python packages. In addition, Python Development will be installed.
Install ImageMagick on CentOS 8 - Step by Step process ?
This article covers how to install ImageMagick on the CentOS machine via different methods. Infact, ImageMagick provides a graphical interface for working with images, it also provides commands to resize an image, blur, crop, draw on, flip, join, re-sample, and much more.
Bash Shebang in Linux - An Overview ?
This article covers how to use bash shebang in Linux. In fact, the first line in the scripts starts with the #! characters and the path to the Bash interpreter is called shebang and is used to tell the operating system which interpreter to use to parse the rest of the file.
The #! syntax used in scripts to indicate an interpreter for execution under UNIX / Linux operating systems. Most Linux shell and perl / python script starts with the following line:
#!/bin/bash
OR
#!/usr/bin/perlOR
#!/usr/bin/pythonOR
#!/usr/bin/python3OR
#!/usr/bin/env bashsh is the standard command interpreter for the system. The current version of sh is in the process of being changed to conform with the POSIX 1003.2 and 1003.2a specifications for the shell.
Configure HTTP/2 in Nginx on Ubuntu 20.04 - Best way to do it ?
This article covers how to enable HTTP/2 on the Nginx webserver on Ubuntu 20.04. In fact, the primary focus of HTTP/2 is to reduce overall web page loading time, thus improving performance. It also focuses on network and server resource usage as well as security because, with HTTP/2, SSL/TLS encryption is mandatory.
If the Nginx server is sitting behind a web application firewall, ensure that the web application firewall (WAF) is capable of parsing HTTP/2 traffic.
HTTP/2 protocol main advantage over its predecessor HTTP 1.1 is that it has a higher transfer speed required for content-rich websites.
Ghostscript for Changing the Resolution of a PDF - How to use this tool in Linux Mint System ?
This article covers the step by step guide to install Ghostscript on your Linux system and use it for changing the resolutions of your desired PDFs. You can use Ghostscript command line tool for compressing a PDF file. Most Linux distributions include the open source version of Ghostscript already. However, you can still try to install it just to make sure.
On Debian/Ubuntu based distributions, use the following command to install Ghostscript:
$ sudo apt install ghostscript
Hidden Files and Directories in Ubuntu Linux System - How to create and view them ?
This article covers how to create and view hidden files and directories in Linux via command line and GUI. We also covered how to unhide the files and directories in Linux through a keyboard shortcut, command line, and File Manager. In fact, Linux, by default, hides many of the sensitive system files. Hidden files are usually system or application files, concealed to prevent accidental changes.
Automatic Kernel Updates on Linux - How to Configure it ?
This article covers the procedure on how to set up automatic kernel updates on Linux. In fact, Applying security updates to the Linux kernel is a simple process that can be done with tools like apt, yum, or kexec.
For organizations with more than a few servers, live patching is the best option. It is an automatic way to fix the Linux kernel while the server is running, making it more efficient and safer than manual methods.
Redirect Stderr to Stdout in Bash - How to get it done ?
This article covers how to redirect stderr to stdout in Bash. When redirecting the output of a command to a file or piping it to another command, you might notice that the error messages are printed on the screen. In Bash and other Linux shells, when a program is executed, it uses three standard I/O streams. Here, A file descriptor is just a number representing an open file. The input stream provides information to the program, generally by typing in the keyboard. The program output goes to the standard input stream and the error messages goes to the standard error stream. By default, both input and error streams are printed on the screen.
More about Loaded Kernel Modules and How to List their Information on a Linux Mint 20 System
This article covers how loaded kernel modules works in Linux. The kernel of a Linux system is the core that everything else in the operating system relies on. The functionality of the kernel can be extended by adding modules to it. As such, a user can fine tune their kernel settings by enabling or disabling modules. Now, you can list the information of these loaded kernel modules on your system's terminal.
How to Check Hardware Information on Ubuntu Graphically Using hardinfo
This article covers how to check the hardware information on your Linux system graphically using the hardinfo tool. In fact, a linux system is consists of different types of hardware such as processor, RAM, hard disk, network cards, etc. Linux provides various tools to check the details of these hardware parts.
You can launch hardinfo tool from the terminal by using the below command:
$ hardinfo
Install Tilix Terminal Emulator in Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
This article covers tilix features and different ways to install tilix on Ubuntu Linux system. In fact, we mentioned a few usages of the tilix which are very much highlighting and should have been present in a standard terminal emulator.
How to Install Tilix Terminal Emulator on Linux ?
Open terminal and execute the below commands:
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt-get install tilix
11 Strace Command with Examples in Linux
This article covers strace utility tool and when It can be used. In fact, you will see how to use strace commands to troubleshoot and debug system calls and processes.
Also, Strace monitors the system calls and signals of a specific program. It is helpful when you do not have the source code and would like to debug the execution of a program. strace provides you the execution sequence of a binary from start to end.
Install Hugo on Linux Mint 20 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers steps to install Hugo on your Linux Mint system. In fact, Hugo is an open-source static website generator designed for small projects and informative sites.
How to Install Hugo Using The Apt-get Utility ?
1. The first thing when installing Hugo using the apt-get is updating your server’s apt index:
$ sudo apt-getupdate2. Once the package index is updated, run the command below to install Hugo:
$ sudo apt-get install hugo3. Hugo will be installed automatically on your server. To check the Hugo version installed, run the command below:
$ sudo hugo version
Restore a Deleted File on Linux - How to do this with TestDisk on Linux Mint system?
This article covers how to recover the file in a few minutes using TestDisk on Linux systems. Deleting files is unavoidable as everyone likes to work in a decluttered and organized system. Whenever we delete something from our system, it does not actually get deleted, till that space gets overwritten by something else in the disk.
What TestDisk tool can do on your Linux System:
- Rebuild NTFS boot sectors.
- Recover FAT32 boot sectors.
- Recover deleted partitions and fix errors in route tables.
- Locate blocks ext2, ext3 and ext4.
- Copy files from deleted partitions from FAT, exFAT, NTFS and ext2 file systems.
Exclude in Grep Command in Linux - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how to exclude in grep. In fact, grep is a powerful command-line tool that is used to search one or more input files for lines that match a regular expression and writes each matching line to standard output.
Install Django on Alma Linux | Rocky Linux - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how to install Django on Alma Linux | Rocky Linux. In fact, Django is the most popular Python web framework designed to help developers build secure, scalable, and maintainable web applications.
How to Install Python on Debian 10 Buster ?
1. Before we install any software, it's important to make sure your system is up to date by running the following apt commands in the terminal:
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt upgrade2. Install Python and necessary dependencies.
Now install Python dependencies on your system using the following command:
$ sudo apt install python3 python3-pip tree3. Confirm the Python installation and check the Python version by typing the following command:
$ pip3 -V
Control File Content in Debian 10 Buster Linux Server
This article covers how to efficiently use both diff and patch programs which help a Linux server admin to control their files and make new files when things go wrong. In fact, The grep command, which stands for global regular expression print, is one of the most versatile commands in a Linux terminal environment. It is an immensely powerful program that allows the user to sort input according to complex rules, which makes it a rather popular link in numerous command chains. The grep command is primarily used to search text or any file for lines that contain a match to the specified words/strings. By default, grep displays the matched lines, and it can be used to search for lines of text that match a regular expression(s), and it outputs only the matched lines.
Manage Linux File System on Ubuntu Linux Server
This article covers how to keep check and balance on your file system. Ext4 is the default file system on most Linux distributions for a reason. It's an improved version of the older Ext3 file system. It's not the most cutting-edge file system, but that's good: It means Ext4 is rock-solid and stable.
If you're setting up partitions on your main Linux boot drive, you'll also want to create a swap partition of at least a few GBs in size when setting up those partitions. This partition is used for "swap space". It's similar to the paging file on Windows. Linux swaps out memory to the swap space when its RAM is full. This partition must be formatted as "swap" instead of with a particular file system.
Install NetBeans on Linux Mint 20 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers the Installation process of NetBeans IDE on a Linux Mint 20 system. In fact, NetBeans is an IDE (Integrated Development Environment) application mainly used by developers to create applications using Java and other programming architectures like PHP and C++.
Features of NetBeans IDE includes:
- A drag and drop GUI design tool for rapid UI development.
- A feature-rich code editor with code templates & refactoring tools.
- Integration tools such as GIT and mercurial.
- Support for the latest Java technologies.
- A rich set of community plugins.
Find DHCP Server IP Address in Linux Using CLI - Step by Step guide ?
This article covers the different ways of finding the IP address of your DHCP server in a Linux system. We have already dealth with how to install and configure DHCP server on Linux.
Linux System IP Scanning commands:
Scanning for IP address lets you have better control over your network. With a few commands, you can quickly map out the devices in your network and the IP addresses that they are using.
- ipconfig: This command displays all network settings assigned to one or all adapters in the computer. You can find information such as your own IP, subnet, and Gateway. For Linux and MacOS is "ifconfig".
- arp -a: When you issue the "arp -a", you’ll get IP-address-to-mac conversion and the allocation type (whether dynamic or static) of all devices in your network.
- Ping: It helps determine connectivity between two hosts and find the IP address of a hostname.
Install Rust on Linux System - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers the step by step Installation procedure of Rust on Linux. Now you can write rust programs on Linux. In fact, The Rust programming language, more commonly known as rust-lang, is a powerful general-purpose programming language.
Developed by Mozilla and designed by Graydon Hoare, Rust programming language is syntactically similar to C++.
We can verify from the terminal for the version of the Rust programming language installed on our system. To do so, we enter this in our terminal:
$ rustc --version
Install VidCutter on Linux Mint 20 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how to install VidCutter on a Linux Mint 20 machine. In fact, VidCutter is a cross-platform video cutting or trimmer software for Linux.
Features of VidCutter video editor:
- Open source Software.
- Cross-platform app available for Linux, Windows and MacOS.
- Supports most of the common video formats such as: AVI, MP4, MPEG 1/2, WMV, MP3, MOV, 3GP, FLV etc.
- Simple interface.
- Trims and merges the videos.
Limit the SSH Access with UFW on Linux Mint 20 - Best way to do it ?
This article covers how to define a new UFW rule for limiting SSH access on your Linux Mint 20 system. In fact, UFW, short for "uncomplicated firewall", is a frontend for the more complex iptables utility. It's designed to make managing a firewall as simple as setting ports to be open and closed, and regulating what traffic is allowed to go through.
How to install UFW on Ubuntu / Debian ?
UFW is installed by default in Ubuntu, but if it's not you can install it from apt:
$ sudo apt-get install ufwIf you're running another distro, you'll have to use that distro's package manager, but UFW is widely available. You can check the status of the firewall with:
$ sudo ufw status
Check Ubuntu Version from the Command Line
This article covers the different methods to check the Ubuntu Version by the terminal. While working with the system, we need to install multiple third-party software, which is available for version-specific. In that case, you need to find the Ubuntu version you are using.
The lsb-release is the standard package for reporting the version on Ubuntu systems. Which is basically written in the Python programming language. It provides lsb_release command-line tool to check Ubuntu version and other useful details.
Install Anaconda on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers step by step procedure for the installation of Anaconda on Ubuntu OS. In fact, Anaconda is designed to provide scientific libraries and dependencies in the Python programming language. It is a package manager used in scientific computing and data science.
Install CUDA on Ubuntu 20.04 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how to install CUDA on Ubuntu 20.04.
To install CUDA on Ubuntu, execute the following commands:
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install nvidia-cuda-toolkitTo Check your CUDA version, run the below command:
$ nvcc --version
Install Inkscape on Linux Mint 20 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers Inkscape is an open source cross-platform vector graphics editor for Linux, Windows and Mac OS X. Inkscape basically supports SVG file generation and editing and supports PNG, OpenDocument Drawing, DXF, sk1, PDF, EPS and PostScript export formats. It comes with Color selector, Color picker, gradient editor, Pattern fills, Dashed strokes and Path markers.
How to Install Inkscape vector graphics editor on Ubuntu ?
1. You can download and Inkscape from the ubuntu software center or install it from the command line by adding its PPA. To install Inkscape via command line, open the terminal app and type and enter the below command:
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:inkscape.dev/stable2. Then run the below command to update your system:
$ sudo apt-get update3. Now, run the below command to install Inkscape on Ubuntu:
$ sudo apt-get install inkscape
Install MariaDB on Rocky Linux 8 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers step-by-step installation procedure of the MariaDB server on Rocky Linux 8. In fact, MariaDB was developed as a "drop-in" replacement for MySQL. As such, both software packages are functionally equivalent and interchangeable.
To enable MariaDB service to start on boot time and start the service using the following commands:
$ sudo systemctl enable mariadb
$ sudo systemctl start mariadbTo verify the running status of MariaDB, run the below command:
$ sudo systemctl status mariadb
Install Cacti on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers step by step procedure for installing the Cacti monitoring tool on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. In fact, Cacti is a free and open-source RRD tool-based network monitoring tool that monitors network devices such as servers, routers, and switches. Cacti uses the SNMP protocol to gather data from remote systems. Data gathered is then stored in a MySQL database.
One of the most essential tasks that any IT operation team has to keep in mind is continuous monitoring of their IT infrastructure. The concept of monitoring ensures that systems such as servers are functioning and working as desired.
Install Duplicity on CentOS 8 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how to install the free backup software duplicity on the CentOS 8 system. Now you will be able to maintain your critical data backups and prevent data loss. In fact, Duplicity is backup tool used to create Bandwidth-efficient and Encrypted backup in Linux based distributions. To connect to a file server for storing backup ssh, scp and sftp protocols are preferable methods, then rsync and ftp used for local file access.
Umask Command in Linux - Overview
This article covers how to use UMASK in the Linux system. On Linux operating systems, new files are created with a default set of permissions. Specifically, a new file's permissions may be restricted in a specific way by applying a permissions "mask" called the umask. The umask command is used to set this mask, or to show you its current value.
Route Command in Linux with examples
This article covers how to use the route command in a Linux system with examples. Linux provides the ip route command in order to manage the routing table. The routing table is used to set routes for different destination IP addresses. Even there is a default route in most of the cases which are used to sent IP packets to the other networks we may need to add new routes via the command-line interface by using the ip route add command.
Important Linux commands:
- arp — Manipulate the system ARP cache.
- ifconfig — View or modify the configuration of network interfaces.
- ip — Display and manipulate information about routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels.
- netstat — Print information about network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships.
Fix the Error "Unable to Launch Cinnamon-Session-Cinnamon" in Linux Mint 20
This article covers steps to resolve the "cinnamon not found" error on a Linux Mint 20 machine.
To fix this error, simply do the following:
1. Boot to the Linux mint version.
2. Wait for the login screen and login.
3. Get the error? Click ok.
4. Get the black screen? Type CTRL-Alt F1
5. Get the prompt?
6. Login with your name and password.
7. Install cinnamon by running the following commands:
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install nemo
$ sudo apt-get install cinnamon
$ reboot
Top 11 Free and Open-Source Linux Distributions for Hacking
This article covers the best free and open-source Linux distributions that provide the most efficient and capable platform to learn and perform ethical hacking tasks such as BackBox, Kali Linux, Fedora Security Lab, Parrot OS, BlackArch Linux, and Dracos Linux. Choosing the best OS for Hacking & penetration testing is a good sign to learn ethical hacking and Penetration testing concepts to enhance your skills and protecting the enterprise assets from cybercriminals.
Install LAMP Stack on CentOS 8 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how to install the LAMP stack on the CentOS system. If are using another Linux distribution, visit how to install LAMP stack on Debian, Ubuntu, Red Hat, and Rocky Linux. Basically, A LAMP stack is a collection of open-source software that you can use as a platform to create websites and web applications. The term LAMP is an acronym standing for Linux operating system, the Apache HTTP Server, the MySQL database system, and the PHP programming language.
In LAMP:
- Linux serves as the server's operating system that handles all the commands on the machine.
- Apache is a web server software that manages HTTP requests to deliver your website's content.
- MySQL is a relational database management system (RDBMS) whose function is to maintain user's data on a server.
- PHP is a scripting language for server-side communication.
Open an Image in Linux Mint 20 Terminal
This article covers different ways of opening an image in Linux Mint 20 terminal.
To install ImageMagick on Debian or Ubuntu, run the following command:
$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install imagemagick
Install Webmin on Rocky Linux 8 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers steps to Install and configure Webmin on Rocky Linux 8 using the automated installation script. Webmin web interface is used to set up user and disk management, Apache, DNS, PHP, MySQL, check CPU usage, system info, network config, and more.
How to Install Webmin using RPM package ?
It is also possible to install Webmin using the rpm package available on the download page of Webmin. This is the quickest way to get Webmin up and running on your Linux machine.
1. Install dependencies
Since Webmin is written in Perl, you need to install Perl and its dependencies:
$ sudo dnf install perl perl-Net-SSLeay perl-Data-Dumper perl-Encode-Detect2. Download and Install Webmin RPM package
This will install the latest version of Webmin using the rpm package:
$ sudo dnf install https://www.webmin.com/download/rpm/webmin-current.rpmHow to uninstall Webmin ?
You can simply uninstall Webmin using the script /etc/webmin/uninstall.sh.
SS Command in Linux with examples
This article covers how to use the ss Command on Linux. In fact, the ss command is a modern replacement for the classic netstat. You can use it on Linux to get statistics about your network connections.
ss displays statistics for Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Unix (interprocess), and raw sockets. Raw sockets operate at the network OSI level, which means TCP and UDP headers have to be handled by the application software, not by the transport layer. Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) messages and the ping utility both use raw sockets.
Cut command in Linux with examples
This article covers the procedures in which to use the cut command in Linux system. In fact, the cut command in UNIX is a command line utility for cutting sections from each line of files and writing the result to standard output. It can be used to cut parts of a line by byte position, character and delimiter. It can also be used to cut data from file formats like CSV.
Restart Bluetooth in Ubuntu 20.04 - How to do it ?
This article covers methods to install, configure, enable and then restart the Bluetooth service in the Ubuntu system. From time to time when you are using Ubuntu Linux and you want to use your Bluetooth headset to watch Netflix or YouTube videos you may experience some problems with the Bluetooth connection on Linux.
How to fix the issue "Bluetooth isn't available" when you wake up the system ?
When you put your system to sleep, there are chances Bluetooth won’t be available when you wake it up. In order to make everything work fine as before in most cases you will need to restart the system.
In order to fix this issue, we need to launch the Terminal and check whether we have the 4.48 version of Bluez. You can easily do that with this command:
$ dpkg --status bluez | grep '^Version:'When you see the results, use the following commands to update to the latest version:
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:bluetooth/bluez
$ sudo apt-get updateAfter these commands, you will be able to update the Buez using:
$ sudo apt upgradeHow to fix the issue "Bluetooth headset won't play in A2DP (High Fidelity)" ?
In order to fix this issue, you will need to make your system detect the right type of Bluetooth device by adding a simple configuration file.
1. First, let's check whether we have all the dependencies installed:
$ sudo apt install pulseaudio pulseaudio-utils pavucontrol pulseaudio-module-bluetooth2. When we verify it, we need to create or edit this audio config file:
$ sudo gedit /etc/bluetooth/audio.confThen, Include the next lines:
This section contains general options
[General]
Enable=Source,Sink,Media,Socket3. Finally, save the file and start the Bluetooth service again:
$ sudo service bluetooth restart
Install UTorrent in Ubuntu 20.04 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how to install uTorrent via the command line on Ubuntu 20.04 system. µTorrent provides clients for Windows and macOS X, however it is installed as a server in Ubuntu Linux and provides a web UI for managing downloads.
Install PanWriter on Linux Mint 20 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers steps to install PanWriter on a Linux Mint 20 system. Once you have this tool installed on your Linux system, you can conveniently use it for content creation and editing with an added level of ease and satisfaction.
How to Install PanWriter on Ubuntu ?
Open the terminal and use the following command:
$ sudo snap install panwriter
Check Link Speed in Ubuntu 20.04 - Best Method ?
This article covers different methods to determine the link speed of IP networks in Ubuntu. The link speed in a basic network refers to the maximum speed that a device can communicate with the wireless router. The link speed is expressed in bits/second and may vary depending on the device and the wireless access point.
Install Kubectl on Linux Mint 20 - Best Method ?
This article covers how you can install Kubectl on your Linux system and use it to operate your Kubernetes clusters if you are fond of using the command-line interfaces. Infact, Kubectl tool is very efficient in terms of cluster management and application deployment.
Kubectl is a command-line tool for Kubernetes. It allows us to execute Kubernetes operations via the API. We can use Kubectl to deploy apps, check logs as well as manage all the other resources of the cluster.
Kubernetes uses an HTTP-based REST API which is the actual Kubernetes user interface employed to manage it. This means that every Kubernetes operation is represented as an API endpoint and can be carried out based on an HTTP-request sent to the endpoint.
Install Converseen on Linux Mint 20 - Best procedure ?
This article covers how you can easily perform the Installation of Converseen batch image processor on your Linux Mint 20 system. With the help of this software, you can edit or rename a single or even multiple images very easily.
How to Install Converseen batch image processor on Linux ?
1. You can search for it in your distribution's software center.
2. You may, of course, use your distribution’s package manager to install it via command line.
On Debian and Ubuntu-based distributions, use:
$ sudo apt install converseenOn Fedora, use:
$ sudo dnf install converseenOn Arch and Manjaro, use:
$ sudo pacman -Sy converseen
Top 7 Free and Open-Source Security Tools
This article covers the best open source security tools for Linux and other leading platforms such as MISP, Privacy Badger, Clam Antivirus, AIRCRACK-NG, Wireshark, Archery, and Anchore. Basically, these security tool comes with extraordinary security features that ensure network and operating system’s reliability and provides an insight into the vulnerability state.
Top 7 Free and Open-Source Linux Distributions for Privacy and Anonymity
This article covers best functioning, free and open-source Linux distributions that provide privacy and anonymity such as Qubes, Tails, Kali, Discreete, Parrot, Whonix, and BlackArch. The good thing about Linux is that it has got a distribution for (almost) everyone’s needs. Privacy is not an exception. There are Linux distributions specifically focused on privacy. These privacy-focused Linux distributions provide you with tools and configurations to escape electronic surveillance, hide your digital footprints and retain your anonymity from advertisers, data gatherers, etc.
Top 11 OSINT Tools for Penetration Testing
This article covers the most popular and top 11 OSINT tools that are best for penetration testing. Basically, the purpose of these tests are to get more insights about the network and an operating system's health. They include Maltego, Google Dorks, Shodan, theHarvester, Recon-Ng, spiderfoot, TinEye, Check Usernames, HaveIbeenPwned, Censys and BuiltWith.
Truncate Command in Linux with examples
This article covers how to use the truncate command in Linux. The safest method to empty a log file in Linux is by using the truncate command. Truncate command is used to shrink or extend the size of each FILE to the specified size.
Uniq Command in Linux with examples
This article covers how to use the uniq command in Linux. In fact, the uniq command reports or filters out repeated lines in a file. uniq filters out adjacent, matching lines from input file INPUT, writing the filtered data to output file OUTPUT. A matching line is "adjacent" if it's immediately before or after another matching line.
Related Linux commands:
- comm — Compare two sorted files line by line.
- pack — Compress files using a Huffman algorithm.
- pcat — Print the uncompressed contents of a compressed file.
- sort — Sort the lines in a text file.
- uncompress — Extract files from compressed archives.
Configure and Use Git on Debian - Best Procedure ?
This article covers steps to install and configure Git on a Debian 10 server. As one of the most popular version control systems currently available, Git is a common choice among open-source and other collaborative software projects. Many project's files are maintained in a Git repository, and sites like GitHub, GitLab, and Bitbucket help to facilitate software development project sharing and collaboration.
How to install Git on Debian / Ubuntu Linux System ?
1. Use the apt package management tools to update your local package index and then download and install Git:
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install git2. You can confirm that you have installed Git correctly by running the following command:
$ git --version
Search Your Files or Directories With Find Command in Linux Mint
This article covers how you can use the Find command to search and perform different operations efficiently. In fact, the Linux find command is a powerful tool that enables system administrators to locate and manage files and directories based on a wide range of search criteria. It can find directories and files by their name, their type, or extension, size, permissions, etc.
Check CPU is 64/32 Bit in Linux System
This article covers different ways to check CPU is 64/32 Bit in Linux System. As a system administrator and IT professional, it is very important to know whether the system's CPU architecture is 32 bit or 64 bit.
To test whether your Linux computer has a 32-bit or 64-bit CPU and to see what version of Linux is installed, open your terminal, type the following command at the prompt, and then hit Enter:
$ lscpuHow to Determine if the Linux kernel is 32-bit or 64-bit ?
Using the uname command, you can determine if your Linux kernel is 32-bit or 64-bit by running the command below:
uname -a
Install PHP 8.0 on Rocky Linux 8 - Best Procedure ?
This article covers steps to install PHP 8.0 in Rocky Linux. PHP is used to develop static or dynamic websites or web applications. Many popular CMS such as WordPress, Magento, and Joomla is written in PHP. Frameworks such as Laravel, Symfony, and CodeIgniter is also using PHP.
To list the available PHP version on your Linux terminal, run the command:
$ sudo dnf module list phpTo verify PHP version, simply run the command:
$ php -v To install PHP packages and dependencies, run the command:
$ sudo apt install php php-cli php-fpm php-json php-common php-mysql php-zip php-gd php-mbstring php-curl php-xml php-pear php-bcmathHow to Install PHP 7.4 on Ubuntu ?
Installing PHP 7.4 on Ubuntu 19.04/18.04 is a bit different than 20.04. 1. To get started, update apt and add the required repositories:
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt -y install software-properties-common
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php
$ sudo apt-get update2. And begin the install.
$ sudo apt install php7.43. After the install is complete, you can check the version that is installed and in use.
$ php -v
An Overview of Source Command in Linux with Examples ?
This article covers how to use the source command in Linux. source reads and executes commands from file filename in the current shell. If filename does not contain a slash, directories in PATH are searched for filename.
Using source to execute the commands in a file is not the same as running a script. For one thing, the file does not need to be executable (e.g., with chmod u+x). For another, the commands will execute in the current shell environment; for example, any variables set will retain their value after the source is finished executing.
Source Command Syntax
The source command uses the following syntax:
$ source [filename] [arguments]Where:
- [filename]: The name or path to the file you want the source command to execute.
- [arguments]: Any arguments you provide become positional parameters when the file is executed.
Install PgAdmin 4 on Rocky Linux 8 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how you can Install and easily get started with PgAdmin4 for your Linux system. pgAdmin is an advanced, open-source, full-featured, and web-based administration and management tool for the PostgreSQL database server.
Hwinfo Command in Linux - An Overview ?
This article covers how to use the hwinfo command in Linux. hwinfo command reports information about CPU, RAM, keyboard, mouse, graphics card, sound, storage, network interface, disk, partition, bios, and bridge, etc,.
The hwinfo utility displays the following information:
- CPU : manufacturer, model, frequency
- Motherboard : manufacturer, model, BIOS version, on-board controller
- RAM : RAM size, RAM type (FP, EDO, SDRAM, DDRAM)
- Hard disk controller : SCSI, IDE, on-board/card, model, BIOS version, chipset
- Hard disks : type, manufacturer, model, size, bus system (SCSI, IDE), partitioning
- CD-ROM drives : type, manufacturer, model, speed, internal/external, parallel port?
- Other media : CD writer, streamer (model, manufacturer, SCSI/EIDE/floppy streamer, capacity), ZIP drives, Jaz drives, MO drives, flopticals
- Graphics card : model, manufacturer, chipset, memory (DRAM, VRAM), memory size
- Other peripherals : printer, parallel ports, serial ports, modem, ISDN card
Install AnyDesk on Linux Mint 20 - Step by Step guide ?
This article covers how to install AnyDesk on your Linux system which can be used as a remote desktop application for interacting with different devices and controlling them remotely. Anydesk application can be installed on Windows, Linux and macOS.
Install TensorFlow on CentOS 8 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers the installation procedure of TensorFlow on CentOS 8 system. TensorFlow is a machine learning platform by Google. It is basically an open source and has a huge number of tools, libraries and other resources developed by both its developer community as well as Google and other corporations.
TensorFlow is available for all the popularly used operating systems, viz. Windows, Mac OS, GNU/Linux. It can be downloaded and installed from either Python Package Index using the pip tool and can be run in a virtual python environment. Another way to use it is to install it as a Docker container.
Install Trimage on Linux Mint 20 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers the best method to install the Trimage software on a Linux Mint 20 system. Basically, this tool is very helpful for performing lossless image compressions hence guaranteeing high quality images even in a compressed format.
To install Trimage software From the terminal in Linux,
1. The Trimage image compressor is available in the official repositories of practically all GNU / Linux distributions and it can be easily installed using the command line, using the corresponding command:
$ sudo apt update; sudo apt install trimage2. Check the version number of Trimage Installed:
$ trimage --version3. Now for launch the program from the terminal, we will only have to write in the terminal:
$ trimageInstall Timeshift on Linux Mint 20 - Step by Step Procedure ?
This article covers how to install Timeshift utility on Linux Mint system. Timeshift help in creating the backups of your precious data. Also,it is a fabulous tool that is used for the backup & restoration of the Linux operating system, it takes incremental backup after the first initial complete backup. TImeshit creates filesystem snapshots using Rsync or BTRFS. It has a nice GUI as well as support for CLI.
Install Syncthing on Linux Mint 20 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers a step by step guide on how to Install Syncthing on Linux Mint. Once this tool is installed on your system, you can readily use it for synchronizing your files within or across your network. Basically, Whenever you create, modify, or delete any data on one Syncthing machine it will automatically be replicated to other servers.
To verify the version of Syncthing Installed on the system, run the following command:
$ syncthing --versionFeatures of Syncthing file synchronization:
- It is easy to use through a cli and GUI through Synchthing-GTK.
- Its data syncing fully automatic – Low interaction.
- Synthing strives to be safe from data loss – Ensures no corruption on user's files.
- It is universally available – Runs on both Windows and Linux.
Install and Play Tetris on Ubuntu Linux System
This article covers different ways to Install Tetris on any Linux distribution.
To Install Tetris on your Ubuntu / Debian System:
1. Get your System updated and Ready for Installing Tetris clone Tint on it:
$ sudo apt update2. Install the Available Variation of Tetris on your System:
$ sudo apt install tint3. Launch Tint - Tetris like game - within your System's Terminal:
$ tint
Install Tor Browser on Linux Mint 20 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how to install and configure the latest Tor browser version on LinuxMint 20 system. In fact, now using the tor browser, you can browse privately and securely and visit all websites blocked by your ISP providers.
How to install Tor on Ubuntu 21.04 ?
1. We access the terminal in Ubuntu 21.04 and install Tor with the following command:
$ sudo apt install tor 2. Install the browser itself with the following command:
$ sudo apt install torbrowser-launcher How to Remove Tor browser from Debian / Ubuntu / Linux Mint ?
If you are not happy with the Tor browser (installed via APT), you can remove it using the command below:
$ sudo apt purge torbrowser-launcherIf you installed it using Flatpak via software center, you can easily uninstall it from there. If you installed it from terminal, type in the following command:
$ flatpak uninstall com.github.micahflee.torbrowser-launcherRkhunter for Scanning Backdoors, Rootkits, and Local Exploits in Your Ubuntu Linux System - How to use it ?
This article covers an easy procedure to install rkhunter, configure, scan the system and view log to identify actual backdoor, rootkits, and local exploits. In fact, Rkhunter (Rootkit Hunter) is an open-source Unix/Linux based scanner tool for Linux systems released under GPL that scans backdoors, rootkits, and local exploits on your systems. It scans hidden files, wrong permissions set on binaries, suspicious strings in the kernel, and so on.
To scan the entire Linux file system, run the Rkhunter command as a root user:
$ rkhunter --check
Install PHP 8.0 on Debian / Linux Mint - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how to install PHP 8.0 on Debian 10. To verify the installed version of PHP, use the php command below:
$ php -v
How to install PHP 7.x extensions ?
The following syntax is used to install PHP 7.x extensions:
$ sudo apt-get install php7.x-extensionor
$ sudo apt-get install php-extensionTo install the most commonly used PHP 7.x extensions by running the command in the terminal:
for PHP 7.4,
$ sudo apt-get install php7.4-mysql php7.4-mbstring php7.4-xml php7.4-bcmath php7.4-curl php7.4-gd php7.4-zipfor PHP 7.3,
$ sudo apt-get install php7.3-mysql php7.3-mbstring php7.3-xml php7.3-bcmath php7.3-curl php7.3-gd php7.3-zipfor PHP 7.2,
$ sudo apt-get install php7.2-mysql php7.2-mbstring php7.2-xml php7.2-bcmath php7.2-curl php7.2-gd php7.2-zipfor PHP 7.1,
$ sudo apt-get install php7.1-mysql php7.1-mbstring php7.1-xml php7.1-bcmath php7.1-curl php7.1-gd php7.1-zipfor PHP 7.0,
$ sudo apt-get install php7.0-mysql php7.0-mbstring php7.0-xml php7.0-bcmath php7.0-curl php7.0-gd php7.0-zip
Linux IP Command with Examples - An overview ?
This article covers the practical use cases of the Linux IP command. IP stands for Internet Protocol. IP command is used to show or manipulate routing, devices, and tunnels. It is similar to ifconfig command but it is much more powerful with more functions and facilities attached to it. It can perform several other tasks like configuring and modifying the default and static routing, setting up tunnel over IP, listing IP addresses and property information, modifying the status of the interface, assigning, deleting and setting up IP addresses and routes.
Linux system commands:
- arp — Manipulate the system ARP cache.
- ifconfig — View or modify the configuration of network interfaces.
- netstat — Print information about network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships.
- route — Display and manipulate the IP routing table.
- tcpdump — Capture raw network traffic.
How to use "sed" Command to Delete a Single Line and Multiple Lines in Linux Mint 20 ?
This article covers the different ways you can use the "sed" command in Linux Mint 20. Sed command or Stream Editor is very powerful utility offered by Linux/Unix systems. It is mainly used for text substitution , find & replace but it can also perform other text manipulations like insertion, deletion, search etc.
Top 7 Free and Best Open-Source Help Desk Management Software
Help desk management software solutions help organizations and companies streamline their query management procedures and related tasks. The help desk team instead of answering calls throughout the day, install and implement these solutions that create, track, and manages the query tickets. Thereby offering a prompt solution and response to both the questioner and responder. The Help Desk software solutions discussed in the article are OTRS, osTicket, GLPi, Mantis Bug Tracker, Sinergia, AdefHelpDesk, and Liberum.
Install and Use Logwatch on Ubuntu 20.04 - Step by Step Guide ?
This article covers how to install and use Logwatch on Ubuntu Linux System. Logwatch is a system log analyzer and send that report to email. It generates a summarized log report which contains sshd - authentication failures, sudo - sessions opened, vsftp failures, postfix, failed logins, disk space and more. To find more information, visit the Logwatch man page.
Logwatch can be installed simply from the Ubuntu repository. First update the system.
$ sudo apt-get updateTo install Logwatch, execute the command:
$ apt-get install logwatch
Install or Enable Cockpit on AlmaLinux 8 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how you can install and get started with the Cockpit web-administration tool for monitoring system statistics, metrics, and overall health. The cockpit is accessed through a web browser and its dashboard gives you a peek of your server's health alongside other system statistics such as network usage, disk space, and utilization, current users, system uptime, running processes, and system logs.
Monitor System Resources with Glances on Ubuntu 20.04 - How to do it ?
This article covers how to install and get started with the Glances monitoring tool on Ubuntu.
To view more help, you can use the glances –help command.
By default, Glances is included in the Ubuntu default repository. You can install it with the following command:
$ apt-get install glances -yAfter installing Glances, verify the installed version of Glances using the following command:
$ glances --versionGlances monitors and display the information about:
- RAM, Swap, and free memory usage.
- Average CPU load of the system.
- Total active and sleeping processes.
- Disk I/O.
- Display file system space.
- Display current date and time.
Install Kong API Gateway on Ubuntu 20.04 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how to install the KONG API Gateway on Ubuntu 20.04. These Gateways provides services like Authentication, rate-limiting, analysis, logging etc., to your API endpoints.
To Start kong API, run the following commands:
$ kong migrations up #runs the database migrations
$ sudo kong start
$ curl -i http://localhost:8001To Stop and see status of kong API, run the following commands:
$ sudo kong stop #stop kong
$ sudo kong health #kong status
Install ROS Noetic on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how to install ROS Noetic on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. ROS (Robot Operating System) is an open-source project that provides a framework and tools for robotics applications. It helps to design complex software without knowing how certain hardware works.
Add and Remove Users in Debian 10 system - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how you can easily remove or add a new user to your Debian 10 system. One of the most basic tasks that you should know how to do on a fresh Linux server is add and remove users.
In order to add and delete users on Debian, you need to have sudo rights, or to belong to the sudo group.
To check your sudo rights, run the following command:
$ sudo -vIf no error messages appear, you are good to go, otherwise ask your system administrator to provide you with sudo rights.
How to add a user using useradd ?
Run the following command:
$ sudo useradd <username>To assign a password to the user, you can use the -p flag but it is not recommended as other users will be able to see the password.
To assign a password to a user, use the passwd command:
$ sudo passwd <username>
About Chpasswd Command in Linux - An Overview ?
This article covers how to use the chpasswd command in Linux.
Install TeamViewer on AlmaLinux 8 / Rocky Linux 8 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers how to easily install TeamViewer on AlmaLinux 8. With TeamViewer you can control computer systems running Linux, Windows and Mac OS remotely as if you were sitting right in front of that system. It also provides a spontaneous support to unattended computers such as servers.
Install and Configure Log with Graylog in Ubuntu 20.04 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers to install and configuren Graylog in ubuntu. With this, you can work with the log using the Graylog server. Graylog is an open-source tool that offers an integrated platform for collecting, indexing, and analyzing log data. The system essentially consists of the Graylog web interface, the Graylog servers, the Elasticsearch nodes, and a Mongo database.
How to Access Graylog Web interface ?
Open a browser on your local system or remote that can access the Ubuntu 20.04 server Ip-address. And type the http://your-server-ipaddress:9000
Replace your-server-ip-address with the actual IP address of your Server where Graylog has been installed.
Df Command in Linux - How is works ?
This article covers how to use the df command in Linux. You can use the df command when you need to know how much space is available on a particular file system or to see an overview of mounted files systems.
If you want to display all the file system, use -a option:
df -a
Options for df command includes:
- -a, –all : includes pseudo, duplicate and inaccessible file systems.
- -B, –block-size=SIZE : scales sizes by SIZE before printing them.
- -h, –human-readable : print sizes in power of 1024.
- -H, –si: print sizes in power of 1000.
- -i, –inodes : list inode information instead of block usage.
- -l, –local : limit listing to local file systems.
- -P, –portability : use POSIX output format.
- –sync : invoke sync before getting usage info.
- –total : elide all entries insignificant to available space, and produce grand total.
- -t, –type=TYPE : limit listing to file systems of type TYPE.
- -T, –print-type : print file system type.
Install NtopNG on Linux Mint 20 - Step by Step Process ?
This article covers easy steps to install the NtopNG utility on your Linux Mint 20 system. Once it is installed on your system, you can start using it for network traffic monitoring after configuring it according to the specifications of your machine.
To check whether NtopNG is installed or not, run the command:
$ systemctl status ntopngTo start NtopNG service, execute the command:
$ systemctl start ntopng